From Riverine to Urban Reality: Tracing the Transformation of Riverfront Communities — A Case Study of Koh Kret, Khlong Om Non, and Khlong Chak Phra-Khlong Bangkok Yai

The transformation of riverfront communities in Bangkok and its peripheries highlights the intricate interplay between urban development and the preservation of traditional lifestyles. This study explores the evolution of three distinct riverfront areas—Koh Kret, Khlong Om Non, and Khlong Chak Phra-Khlong Bangkok Yai—through comparative spatial analysis. The aim is to understand how these communities have adapted to urban pressures while preserving their cultural heritage. Koh Kret represents a fusion of cultural preservation and modern challenges, maintaining traditional stilt house architecture and multi-level terraces. Infrastructure development has been minimal, allowing the island to retain its historical value. However, limited accessibility and frequent flooding remain significant challenges. Despite its potential for tourism development, supported by government initiatives, concerns about the island’s long-term sustainability are heightened by physical deterioration and a declining population. Khlong Om Non reflects the blend of traditional and modern influences, characterized by stilt houses and agricultural land. The construction of flood defenses and new roads has improved accessibility but has disrupted traditional water-based transportation and agricultural practices. These changes have impacted land use and the community’s adaptive capacity. While recent infrastructure improvements have enhanced tourism potential, the key challenge lies in balancing development with the preservation of cultural and ecological values. Khlong Chak Phra-Khlong Bangkok Yai is the most developed among the three areas, featuring a range of residential types, from traditional stilt houses to modern buildings. Its proximity to Bangkok and comprehensive infrastructure have strengthened its integration into the city’s economic and cultural networks. However, this development has led to ecological degradation and declining water quality. The tension between urban development and environmental conservation remains a critical issue. Although the area holds significant value for heritage tourism, environmental challenges pose a substantial risk to its sustainability. The comparative analysis of the three areas reveals a complex picture of transformation influenced by urbanization pressures, infrastructural developments, and environmental challenges. Each area demonstrates distinct patterns of adaptation and preservation, underscoring the need for integrated planning approaches that balance economic development with cultural and environmental sustainability. This study highlights the importance of preserving the unique characteristics of riverfront communities while addressing the challenges posed by urban expansion and environmental changes.