Enhancing Thermal and Tribological Properties with Cellulose Nanocrystals: A Comprehensive Review and Analysis

The recent surge in interest and advancements in nanotechnology, sustainable materials, and bio composites has highlighted the need for an updated review of Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNCs). This review brings together the latest research findings, methodologies, and applications of CNCs, offering valuable insights for scientists, engineers, and industry professionals working in the fields of materials science, biomaterials, nanotechnology, and environmental sustainability. CNCs, which are derived from natural cellulose sources, possess unique properties such as high mechanical strength, thermal stability, and environmental friendliness. These characteristics make CNCs highly suitable for a wide range of applications, including heat transfer, tribological en-hancements, and fluid performance. The review thoroughly examines the incorporation of CNCs into various matrices, where they have been shown to significantly enhance thermal conductivity and viscosity. This improvement in material properties is particularly beneficial for applications such as engine oils, radiator coolants, and machining fluids, where enhanced performance is critical. While the potential of CNCs is vast, the review also addresses ongoing challenges that must be overcome to fully realize their capabilities. These challenges include issues related to nanoparticle stability and the environmental impact of CNCs, which require further investigation to ensure their safe and effective use. This comprehensive assessment not only underscores the transformative potential of CNCs in advancing material science and sustainable technologies but also identifies key areas for future research. By addressing the existing barriers, this review aims to guide further developments in the field, paving the way for innovative applications and solu-tions that leverage the unique properties of CNCs