TY - JOUR
T1 - Treatment of RO Concentrate for Enhanced Water Recovery from Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluent
AU - Lim, Teik Thye
AU - Yap, Pow Seng
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland.
PY - 2016
Y1 - 2016
N2 - Due to continual deterioration of surface water quality and increased water scarcity, water reclamation of the treated effluent has become a widely accepted strategy for sustainable water supply in urban areas. Reverse osmosis (RO) is a reliable and essential water reclamation technology for producing high-quality water for reuse. The RO concentrate, which is the waste stream produced from the RO process, is volumetrically substantial and contains environmentally harmful substances and therefore can cause severe environmental impacts if disposed of to receiving water bodies. Several technologies are available for further treatment of RO concentrate to reduce its volume, remove its total dissolved solids (TDS) and total organic carbon (TOC) and reclaim it for additional water recovery. This chapter presents a review of RO concentrate quality and various technologies for treating RO concentrate originated from municipal wastewater treatment plant. The technologies discussed include mineral recovery, electrochemical desalting and removal of TOC through adsorption, coagulation and oxidative degradation. Other alternative strategies including the emerging technologies for increasing water recovery rate from water reclamation plant are also proposed.
AB - Due to continual deterioration of surface water quality and increased water scarcity, water reclamation of the treated effluent has become a widely accepted strategy for sustainable water supply in urban areas. Reverse osmosis (RO) is a reliable and essential water reclamation technology for producing high-quality water for reuse. The RO concentrate, which is the waste stream produced from the RO process, is volumetrically substantial and contains environmentally harmful substances and therefore can cause severe environmental impacts if disposed of to receiving water bodies. Several technologies are available for further treatment of RO concentrate to reduce its volume, remove its total dissolved solids (TDS) and total organic carbon (TOC) and reclaim it for additional water recovery. This chapter presents a review of RO concentrate quality and various technologies for treating RO concentrate originated from municipal wastewater treatment plant. The technologies discussed include mineral recovery, electrochemical desalting and removal of TOC through adsorption, coagulation and oxidative degradation. Other alternative strategies including the emerging technologies for increasing water recovery rate from water reclamation plant are also proposed.
KW - Advanced chemical oxidation
KW - Municipal wastewater
KW - RO concentrate
KW - Reverse osmosis
KW - Water reclamation
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84956671122&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/698-2014-320
DO - 10.1007/698-2014-320
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84956671122
SN - 1867-979X
VL - 45
SP - 247
EP - 268
JO - Handbook of Environmental Chemistry
JF - Handbook of Environmental Chemistry
ER -
