TY - JOUR
T1 - Physicochemical characterization of a dental eggshell powder abrasive material
AU - Onwubu, Stanley C.
AU - Vahed, Anisa
AU - Singh, Shalini
AU - Kanny, Krishnan M.
N1 - Funding Information:
Financial support 圀 The authors acknowledge the financial support for this study from the National Research Foundation of South Africa 縀No 堀 缃? Conflict of interest 圀 None ?
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 Wichtig Publishing
PY - 2017/10/1
Y1 - 2017/10/1
N2 - Background This study aimed to determine the physicochemical characteristics of an eggshell-based dental abrasive material. Methods The eggshell powder abrasive material (EPAM) was synthesized by ball milling eggshell powder and surfactants. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and a laser diffraction particle size analyzer (PSA) were used to characterize EPAM. In addition, the abrasive characteristics of EPAM were evaluated by comparison using poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) resins. Surface roughness (Ra) was measured using a profilometer. Results The FTIR spectroscopy and XRD analysis confirmed that the carbonate product was primarily calcite (97.3%) with traces of graphite 2H (1.3%) and thenardite (1.4%). The TEM imagery revealed irregular particles in EPAM. The PSA analysis of the particle size distribution showed EPAM to be a superfine powder (0.3 µm to 50 nm). In addition, the 50-nm EPAM (Ra = 0.04 µm) measured the lowest Ra value when compared with pumice (Ra = 0.08 µm). Conclusions The salient features of this study indicate that EPAM can naturally replace calcite, which is generally mined and used as a dental abrasive material. In addition, and regarding the abrasive characteristics of EPAM in reducing the surface roughness of PMMA resin specimens, this study conclusively showed that EPAM effectively reduces the surface roughness below the threshold limit value of 0.2 µm. Potentially, EPAM could reduce waste disposal problems while enabling an economic benefit from using eggshell waste material.
AB - Background This study aimed to determine the physicochemical characteristics of an eggshell-based dental abrasive material. Methods The eggshell powder abrasive material (EPAM) was synthesized by ball milling eggshell powder and surfactants. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and a laser diffraction particle size analyzer (PSA) were used to characterize EPAM. In addition, the abrasive characteristics of EPAM were evaluated by comparison using poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) resins. Surface roughness (Ra) was measured using a profilometer. Results The FTIR spectroscopy and XRD analysis confirmed that the carbonate product was primarily calcite (97.3%) with traces of graphite 2H (1.3%) and thenardite (1.4%). The TEM imagery revealed irregular particles in EPAM. The PSA analysis of the particle size distribution showed EPAM to be a superfine powder (0.3 µm to 50 nm). In addition, the 50-nm EPAM (Ra = 0.04 µm) measured the lowest Ra value when compared with pumice (Ra = 0.08 µm). Conclusions The salient features of this study indicate that EPAM can naturally replace calcite, which is generally mined and used as a dental abrasive material. In addition, and regarding the abrasive characteristics of EPAM in reducing the surface roughness of PMMA resin specimens, this study conclusively showed that EPAM effectively reduces the surface roughness below the threshold limit value of 0.2 µm. Potentially, EPAM could reduce waste disposal problems while enabling an economic benefit from using eggshell waste material.
KW - Dental abrasive material
KW - Eggshell powder
KW - Physicochemical characterization
KW - Polymethylmethacrylate
KW - Pumice
KW - Surface roughness
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85034454226&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.5301/jabfm.5000361
DO - 10.5301/jabfm.5000361
M3 - Article
C2 - 28574098
AN - SCOPUS:85034454226
SN - 2280-8000
VL - 15
SP - e341-e346
JO - Journal of Applied Biomaterials and Functional Materials
JF - Journal of Applied Biomaterials and Functional Materials
IS - 4
ER -