Numerical Modelling of Turbulence Kinetic Energy in Open Channel Flows with Mixed-Layer Vegetation

Vegetation plays a vital role in the flow characteristics of natural open channels, such as rivers. Typically, vegetation density is higher in the lower layer and sparser in the upper layer of these channels. In this research, Ansys Fluent and the k–ϵ model have been employed to simulate various vegetation configurations to capture intricate flow complexities within vegetation regions. Numerical analysis demonstrated that the numerical results align with anticipated Turbulence Kinetic Energy data obtained from analytical and experimental studies. Our findings revealed that double-layer vegetation induces a more intricate flow distribution. In the spaces between vegetation zones, Turbulence Kinetic Energy decreases due to the resistance imposed by the vegetation patches. This resistance has positive implications for sustaining aquatic life and facilitating sediment deposition, promoting a more environmentally sustainable outcome.