Neuroinflammatory Signaling in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease

Md Sahab Uddin*, Md Tanvir Kabir, Maroua Jalouli, Md Ataur Rahman, Philippe Jeandet, Tapan Behl, Athanasios Alexiou, Ghadeer M. Albadrani, Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim, Asma Perveen, Ghulam Md Ashraf

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

37 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by the formation of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and extracellular amyloid plaques. Growing evidence has suggested that AD pathogenesis is not only limited to the neuronal compartment but also strongly interacts with immunological processes in the brain. On the other hand, aggregated and misfolded proteins can bind with pattern recognition receptors located on astroglia and microglia and can, in turn, induce an innate immune response, characterized by the release of inflammatory mediators, ultimately playing a role in both the severity and the progression of the disease. It has been reported by genome-wide analysis that several genes which elevate the risk for sporadic AD encode for factors controlling the inflammatory response and glial clearance of misfolded proteins. Obesity and systemic inflammation are examples of external factors which may interfere with the immunological mechanisms of the brain and can induce disease progression. In this review, we discussed the mechanisms and essential role of inflammatory signaling pathways in AD pathogenesis. Indeed, interfering with immune processes and modulation of risk factors may lead to future therapeutic or preventive AD approaches.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)126-146
Number of pages21
JournalCurrent Neuropharmacology
Volume20
Issue number1
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Jan 2022
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • Alzheimer’s disease
  • Astroglia
  • Disease-associated microglia
  • Inflammatory cytokine
  • Microglia
  • Neuroinflammation

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