TY - JOUR
T1 - Implantable QR code subcutaneous microchip using photoacoustic and ultrasound microscopy for secure and convenient individual identification and authentication
AU - Wan, Nan
AU - Zhang, Pengcheng
AU - Liu, Zuheng
AU - Li, Zhe
AU - Niu, Wei
AU - Rui, Xiuye
AU - Wang, Shibo
AU - Seong, Myeongsu
AU - He, Pengbo
AU - Liang, Siqi
AU - Zhou, Jiasheng
AU - Yang, Rui
AU - Chen, Sung-Liang
N1 - Funding Information:
N. W and P. Z contributed equally to this work. The authors acknowledge the support from National Natural Science Foundation of China ( NSFC ) (grants 62235013, 82130057, 61775134, 62104140 and U21A20505 ), Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (STCSM) Natural Science Project General Program (grants 22ZR1428900 and 21ZR1433800 ), and Shanghai Sailing Program (grant 19YF1424900 ). The authors acknowledge the Center for Advanced Electronic Materials and Devices ( AEMD ) of Shanghai Jiao Tong University for the support in device fabrication.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023
PY - 2023/6
Y1 - 2023/6
N2 - Individual identification and authentication techniques are merged into many aspects of human life with various applications, including access control, payment or banking transfer, and healthcare. Yet conventional identification and authentication methods such as passwords, biometrics, tokens, and smart cards suffer from inconvenience and/or insecurity. Here, inspired by quick response (QR) code and implantable microdevices, implantable and minimally-invasive QR code subcutaneous microchips (QRC-SMs) are proposed to be an effective approach to carry useful and private information, thus enabling individual identification and authentication. Two types of QRC-SMs, QRC-SMs with “hole” and “flat” elements and QRC-SMs with “titanium-coated” and “non-coated” elements, are designed and fabricated to store personal information. Corresponding ultrasound microscopy and photoacoustic microscopy are used for imaging the QR code pattern underneath skin, and open-source artificial intelligence algorithm is applied for QR code detection and recognition. Ex vivo experiments under tissue and in vivo experiments with QRC-SMs implanted in live mice have been performed, demonstrating successful information retrieval from implanted QRC-SMs. QRC-SMs are hidden subcutaneously and invisible to the eyes. They cannot be forgotten, misplaced or lost, and can always be ready for timely medical identification, access control, and payment or banking transfer. Hence, QRC-SMs provide promising routes towards private, secure, and convenient individual identification and authentication.
AB - Individual identification and authentication techniques are merged into many aspects of human life with various applications, including access control, payment or banking transfer, and healthcare. Yet conventional identification and authentication methods such as passwords, biometrics, tokens, and smart cards suffer from inconvenience and/or insecurity. Here, inspired by quick response (QR) code and implantable microdevices, implantable and minimally-invasive QR code subcutaneous microchips (QRC-SMs) are proposed to be an effective approach to carry useful and private information, thus enabling individual identification and authentication. Two types of QRC-SMs, QRC-SMs with “hole” and “flat” elements and QRC-SMs with “titanium-coated” and “non-coated” elements, are designed and fabricated to store personal information. Corresponding ultrasound microscopy and photoacoustic microscopy are used for imaging the QR code pattern underneath skin, and open-source artificial intelligence algorithm is applied for QR code detection and recognition. Ex vivo experiments under tissue and in vivo experiments with QRC-SMs implanted in live mice have been performed, demonstrating successful information retrieval from implanted QRC-SMs. QRC-SMs are hidden subcutaneously and invisible to the eyes. They cannot be forgotten, misplaced or lost, and can always be ready for timely medical identification, access control, and payment or banking transfer. Hence, QRC-SMs provide promising routes towards private, secure, and convenient individual identification and authentication.
KW - Acoustic-resolution photoacoustic microscopy
KW - Implantable devices
KW - Individual identification and authentication
KW - Quick response code
KW - Ultrasound microscopy
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85158887370&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100504
DO - 10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100504
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85158887370
SN - 2213-5979
VL - 31
JO - Photoacoustics
JF - Photoacoustics
M1 - 100504
ER -
