Electrochemical performance investigation of LiFePO₄/C_0.15-x (x=0.05, 0.1, 0.15 CNTs) electrodes at various calcination temperatures: Experimental and Intelligent Modelling approach

To investigate the combined effects of calcination temperature and carbon nanotube (CNT) proportion, we have synthesized LiFePO₄ (LFP) using hydrothermal process using glucose at various calcination temperatures (600 °C, 700 °C, 800 °C). The morphology of the synthesized LFP was investigated by Scanning electron microscope (SEM). Structural changes of the synthesized LFP were studied by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In Li half cells containing 15% carbon, carbon black ratio was replaced by CNTs in proportions of 5%, 10%, and 15%. Through the cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves, the diffusion coefficients of Li ions were determined, which shows an increasing trending with the increase of the proportion of CNTs. Intelligent Modelling approach of Artificial neural network (ANN) was then applied on the obtained specific capacity to predict the trend of change in specific capacity with temperature and CNT proportion. The composite electrode LFP-800 °C/C/10%CNT was predicted to be the best performer by ANN approach and also validated. In the galvanostatic cycling test, this nanocomposite showed the highest specific capacity of 160.8 mAh/g. The ANN results predicted the specific capacity of every proportion of CNT (0–15%) and temperature (600–800 °C) thus reducing experimental needs as well.