A novel nanoformulation of ellagic acid is promising in restoring oxidative homeostasis in rat brains with alzheimer’s disease

Steve Harakeh*, Mohamad H. Qari, Wafaa S. Ramadan, Soad K. Al Jaouni, Mohammed S. Almuhayawi, Turki Al Amri, Ghulam Md Ashraf, Dhruba J. Bharali, Shaker A. Mousa*

*Corresponding author for this work

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Abstract

Background: Aluminum toxicity induces neurodegenerative changes in the brain and results in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Objective: Here, the aim was to evaluate the antioxidant therapeutic effects of ellagic acid (EA) and EA-loaded nanoparticles (EA-NP) in an aluminum chloride-induced AD rat model. Methods: The nanoparticles’ loading of EA was 0.84/1 w/w. The in vitro release kinetics of EA from EA-NP in fetal bovine serum showed 60% release in the first 1-5 hours, followed by sustained release at 60-70% over 6-24 hours. Six groups were implemented; group 1 served as the control, group 2 received EA, group 3 received EA-NP, group 4 was the AD rat model administered AlCl3 (50 mg/kg) for 4 weeks, groups 5 (AD+EA) and 6 (AD+EA-NP) were treated with EA and EA-NP, respectively, for 2 weeks after AlCl3 was stopped. The neurotoxicity in the rat brain was examined by measuring the brain antioxidant biomarkers catalase, glu-tathione, and total antioxidant activity and lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid, TBA). Histopathological studies using hematoxylin and eosin, cresyl violet, silver stains, and the novel object recognition test were ex-amined. Results: Data revealed significant increase of antioxidant biomarkers and decreased TBA in the EA-NP group. The pathological hallmarks of AD-vacuolation of the neurons, chromatolysis, neurofibrillary tangles, and the se-nile plaques in brains of the AD rat model were decreased and restoration of Nissl granules was noted. The cal-culated discrimination index in the behavioral test increased more in cases treated with EA-NP. Conclusion: The treatment of AD with EA-NP was more effective than EA in alleviating the oxidative neuro-toxic effects on AD rat brains.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)299-307
Number of pages9
JournalCurrent Drug Metabolism
Volume22
Issue number4
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2021
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • Aluminum
  • Alzheimer’s disease
  • Antioxidant biomarkers
  • Ellagic acid
  • Nano-ellagic acid
  • Nanoformulation
  • Neuro-protection
  • Oxidative stress

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Harakeh, S., Qari, M. H., Ramadan, W. S., Al Jaouni, S. K., Almuhayawi, M. S., Al Amri, T., Ashraf, G. M., Bharali, D. J., & Mousa, S. A. (2021). A novel nanoformulation of ellagic acid is promising in restoring oxidative homeostasis in rat brains with alzheimer’s disease. Current Drug Metabolism, 22(4), 299-307. https://doi.org/10.2174/1389200221666201216170851