Worldwide Soundscapes: A Synthesis of Passive Acoustic Monitoring Across Realms

Kevin F. A. Darras; Rodney A. Rountree; Steven L. Van Wilgenburg; Anna F. Cord; Frederik Pitz; Youfang Chen; Lijun Dong; Agnès Rocquencourt; Camille Desjonquères; Patrick Mauritz Diaz; Tzu-Hao Lin; Théophile Turco; Louise Emmerson; Tom Bradfer-Lawrence; Amandine Gasc; Sarah Marley; Marcus Salton; Laura Schillé; Paul J. Wensveen; Shih-Hung Wu; Adriana C. Acero-Murcia; Orlando Acevedo-Charry; Matyáš Adam; Jacopo Aguzzi; Irmak Akoglu; M. Clara P. Amorim; Mina Anders; Michel André; Alexandre Antonelli; Leandro Aparecido Do Nascimento; Giulliana Appel; Stephanie Archer; Christos Astaras; Andrey Atemasov; Jamieson Atkinson; Joël Attia; Emanuel Baltag; Luc Barbaro; Fritjof Basan; Carly Batist; Julio Ernesto Baumgarten; Just T. Bayle Sempere; Kristen Bellisario; Asaf Ben David; Oded Berger-Tal; Frédéric Bertucci; Matthew G. Betts; Iqbal S. Bhalla; Thiago Bicudo; Marta Bolgan; Sara Bombaci; Gerard Bota; Martin Boullhesen; Robert A. Briers; Susannah Buchan; Michal Budka; Katie Burchard; Giuseppa Buscaino; Alice Calvente; Marconi Campos-Cerqueira; Maria Isabel Carvalho Gonçalves; Maria Ceraulo; Maite Cerezo-Araujo; Gunnar Cerwén; Adams A. Chaskda; Maria Chistopolova; Christopher W. Clark; Kieran D. Cox; Benjamin Cretois; Chapin Czarnecki; Luis P. da Silva; Wigna da Silva; Laurence H. De Clippele; David de la Haye; Ana Silvia de Oliveira Tissiani; Devin de Zwaan; M. Eugenia Degano; Jessica Deichmann; Joaquin del Rio; Christian Devenish; Ricardo Díaz-Delgado; Pedro Diniz; Dorgival Diógenes Oliveira-Júnior; Thiago Dorigo; Saskia Dröge; Marina Duarte; Adam Duarte; Kerry Dunleavy; Robert Dziak; Simon Elise; Hiroto Enari; Haruka S. Enari; Florence Erbs; Britas Klemens Eriksson; Pınar Ertör-Akyazi; Nina C. Ferrari; Luane Ferreira; Abram B. Fleishman; Paulo J. Fonseca; Bárbara Freitas; Nicholas R. Friedman; Jérémy S. P. Froidevaux; Svetlana Gogoleva; Carolina Gonzaga; José Miguel González Correa; Eben Goodale; Benjamin Gottesman; Ingo Grass; Jack Greenhalgh; Jocelyn Gregoire; Samuel Haché; Jonas Hagge; William Halliday; Antonia Hammer; Tara Hanf-Dressler; Sylvain Haupert; Samara Haver; Becky Heath; Daniel Hending; Jose Hernandez-Blanco; Dennis Higgs; Thomas Hiller; Joe Chun-Chia Huang; Katie Lois Hutchinson; Carole Hyacinthe; Christina Ieronymidou; Iniunam A. Iniunam; Janet Jackson; Alain Jacot; Olaf Jahn; Francis Juanes; K. S. Jasper Kanes; Ellen Kenchington; Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas; Justin Kitzes; Tharaka Kusuminda; Yael Lehnardt; Jialin Lei; Paula Leitman; José León; Deng Li; Cicero Simão Lima-Santos; Kyle John Lloyd; Audrey Looby; Adrià López-Baucells; David López-Bosch; Tristan Louth-Robins; Tatiana Maeda; Franck Malige; Christos Mammides; Gabriel Marcacci; Matthias Markolf; Marinez Isaac Marques; Charles W. Martin; Dominic A. Martin; Kathy Martin; Ellen McArthur; Matthew McKown; Logan J. T. McLeod; Vincent Médoc; Oliver Metcalf; Christoph F. J. Meyer; Grzegorz Mikusinski; Brian Miller; João Monteiro; T. Aran Mooney; Sérgio Moreira; Larissa Sayuri Moreira Sugai; Dave Morris; Sandra Müller; Sebastian Muñoz-Duque; Kelsie A. Murchy; Ivan Nagelkerken; Maria Mas; Rym Nouioua; Carolina Ocampo-Ariza; Julian D. Olden; Steffen Oppel; Anna N. Osiecka; Elena Papale; Miles Parsons; Michael Pashkevich; Julie Patris; João Pedro Marques; Cristian Pérez-Granados; Liliana Piatti; Mauro Pichorim; Matthew K. Pine; Thiago Pinheiro; Jean-Nicolas Pradervand; John Quinn; Bernardo Quintella; Craig Radford; Xavier Raick; Ana Rainho; Emiliano Ramalho; Vijay Ramesh; Sylvie Rétaux; Laura K. Reynolds; Klaus Riede; Talen Rimmer; Noelia Ríos; Ricardo Rocha; Luciana Rocha; Paul Roe; Samuel R. P.-J. Ross; Carolyn M. Rosten; John Ryan; Carlos Salustio-Gomes; Filipa I. P. Samarra; Philip Samartzis; José Santos; Thomas Sattler; Kevin Scharffenberg; Renée P. Schoeman; Karl-Ludwig Schuchmann; Esther Sebastián-González; Sebastian Seibold; Sarab Sethi; Fannie W. Shabangu; Taylor Shaw; Xiaoli Shen; David Singer; Ana Širović; Matthew Slater; Brittnie Spriel; Jenni Stanley; Jérôme Sueur; Valeria da Cunha Tavares; Karolin Thomisch; Simon Thorn; Jianfeng Tong; Laura Torrent; Juan Traba; Junior A. Tremblay; Leonardo Trevelin; Sunny Tseng; Mao-Ning Tuanmu; Marisol Valverde; Ben Vernasco; Manuel Vieira; Raiane Vital da Paz; Matthew Ward; Maryann Watson; Matthew J. Weldy; Julia Wiel; Jacob Willie; Heather Wood; Jinshan Xu; Wenyi Zhou; Songhai Li; Renata Sousa-Lima; Thomas Cherico Wanger

doi:10.1111/geb.70021

Worldwide Soundscapes: A Synthesis of Passive Acoustic Monitoring Across Realms

Kevin F. A. Darras, Rodney A. Rountree, Steven L. Van Wilgenburg, Anna F. Cord, Frederik Pitz, Youfang Chen, Lijun Dong, Agnès Rocquencourt, Camille Desjonquères, Patrick Mauritz Diaz, Tzu-Hao Lin, Théophile Turco, Louise Emmerson, Tom Bradfer-Lawrence, Amandine Gasc, Sarah Marley, Marcus Salton, Laura Schillé, Paul J. Wensveen, Shih-Hung WuAdriana C. Acero-Murcia, Orlando Acevedo-Charry, Matyáš Adam, Jacopo Aguzzi, Irmak Akoglu, M. Clara P. Amorim, Mina Anders, Michel André, Alexandre Antonelli, Leandro Aparecido Do Nascimento, Giulliana Appel, Stephanie Archer, Christos Astaras, Andrey Atemasov, Jamieson Atkinson, Joël Attia, Emanuel Baltag, Luc Barbaro, Fritjof Basan, Carly Batist, Julio Ernesto Baumgarten, Just T. Bayle Sempere, Kristen Bellisario, Asaf Ben David, Oded Berger-Tal, Frédéric Bertucci, Matthew G. Betts, Iqbal S. Bhalla, Thiago Bicudo, Marta Bolgan, Sara Bombaci, Gerard Bota, Martin Boullhesen, Robert A. Briers, Susannah Buchan, Michal Budka, Katie Burchard, Giuseppa Buscaino, Alice Calvente, Marconi Campos-Cerqueira, Maria Isabel Carvalho Gonçalves, Maria Ceraulo, Maite Cerezo-Araujo, Gunnar Cerwén, Adams A. Chaskda, Maria Chistopolova, Christopher W. Clark, Kieran D. Cox, Benjamin Cretois, Chapin Czarnecki, Luis P. da Silva, Wigna da Silva, Laurence H. De Clippele, David de la Haye, Ana Silvia de Oliveira Tissiani, Devin de Zwaan, M. Eugenia Degano, Jessica Deichmann, Joaquin del Rio, Christian Devenish, Ricardo Díaz-Delgado, Pedro Diniz, Dorgival Diógenes Oliveira-Júnior, Thiago Dorigo, Saskia Dröge, Marina Duarte, Adam Duarte, Kerry Dunleavy, Robert Dziak, Simon Elise, Hiroto Enari, Haruka S. Enari, Florence Erbs, Britas Klemens Eriksson, Pınar Ertör-Akyazi, Nina C. Ferrari, Luane Ferreira, Abram B. Fleishman, Paulo J. Fonseca, Bárbara Freitas, Nicholas R. Friedman, Jérémy S. P. Froidevaux, Svetlana Gogoleva, Carolina Gonzaga, José Miguel González Correa, Eben Goodale, Benjamin Gottesman, Ingo Grass, Jack Greenhalgh, Jocelyn Gregoire, Samuel Haché, Jonas Hagge, William Halliday, Antonia Hammer, Tara Hanf-Dressler, Sylvain Haupert, Samara Haver, Becky Heath, Daniel Hending, Jose Hernandez-Blanco, Dennis Higgs, Thomas Hiller, Joe Chun-Chia Huang, Katie Lois Hutchinson, Carole Hyacinthe, Christina Ieronymidou, Iniunam A. Iniunam, Janet Jackson, Alain Jacot, Olaf Jahn, Francis Juanes, K. S. Jasper Kanes, Ellen Kenchington, Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas, Justin Kitzes, Tharaka Kusuminda, Yael Lehnardt, Jialin Lei, Paula Leitman, José León, Deng Li, Cicero Simão Lima-Santos, Kyle John Lloyd, Audrey Looby, Adrià López-Baucells, David López-Bosch, Tristan Louth-Robins, Tatiana Maeda, Franck Malige, Christos Mammides, Gabriel Marcacci, Matthias Markolf, Marinez Isaac Marques, Charles W. Martin, Dominic A. Martin, Kathy Martin, Ellen McArthur, Matthew McKown, Logan J. T. McLeod, Vincent Médoc, Oliver Metcalf, Christoph F. J. Meyer, Grzegorz Mikusinski, Brian Miller, João Monteiro, T. Aran Mooney, Sérgio Moreira, Larissa Sayuri Moreira Sugai, Dave Morris, Sandra Müller, Sebastian Muñoz-Duque, Kelsie A. Murchy, Ivan Nagelkerken, Maria Mas, Rym Nouioua, Carolina Ocampo-Ariza, Julian D. Olden, Steffen Oppel, Anna N. Osiecka, Elena Papale, Miles Parsons, Michael Pashkevich, Julie Patris, João Pedro Marques, Cristian Pérez-Granados, Liliana Piatti, Mauro Pichorim, Matthew K. Pine, Thiago Pinheiro, Jean-Nicolas Pradervand, John Quinn, Bernardo Quintella, Craig Radford, Xavier Raick, Ana Rainho, Emiliano Ramalho, Vijay Ramesh, Sylvie Rétaux, Laura K. Reynolds, Klaus Riede, Talen Rimmer, Noelia Ríos, Ricardo Rocha, Luciana Rocha, Paul Roe, Samuel R. P.-J. Ross, Carolyn M. Rosten, John Ryan, Carlos Salustio-Gomes, Filipa I. P. Samarra, Philip Samartzis, José Santos, Thomas Sattler, Kevin Scharffenberg, Renée P. Schoeman, Karl-Ludwig Schuchmann, Esther Sebastián-González, Sebastian Seibold, Sarab Sethi, Fannie W. Shabangu, Taylor Shaw, Xiaoli Shen, David Singer, Ana Širović, Matthew Slater, Brittnie Spriel, Jenni Stanley, Jérôme Sueur, Valeria da Cunha Tavares, Karolin Thomisch, Simon Thorn, Jianfeng Tong, Laura Torrent, Juan Traba, Junior A. Tremblay, Leonardo Trevelin, Sunny Tseng, Mao-Ning Tuanmu, Marisol Valverde, Ben Vernasco, Manuel Vieira, Raiane Vital da Paz, Matthew Ward, Maryann Watson, Matthew J. Weldy, Julia Wiel, Jacob Willie, Heather Wood, Jinshan Xu, Wenyi Zhou, Songhai Li, Renata Sousa-Lima, Thomas Cherico Wanger

Department of Health and Environmental Sciences

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

ABSTRACT Aim The urgency for remote, reliable and scalable biodiversity monitoring amidst mounting human pressures on ecosystems has sparked worldwide interest in Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM), which can track life underwater and on land. However, we lack a unified methodology to report this sampling effort and a comprehensive overview of PAM coverage to gauge its potential as a global research and monitoring tool. To address this gap, we created the Worldwide Soundscapes project, a collaborative network and growing database comprising metadata from 416 datasets across all realms (terrestrial, marine, freshwater and subterranean). Location Worldwide, 12,343 sites, all ecosystem types. Time Period 1991 to present. Major Taxa Studied All soniferous taxa. Methods We synthesise sampling coverage across spatial, temporal and ecological scales using metadata describing sampling locations, deployment schedules, focal taxa and audio recording parameters. We explore global trends in biological, anthropogenic and geophysical sounds based on 168 selected recordings from 12 ecosystems across all realms. Results Terrestrial sampling is spatially denser (46 sites per million square kilometre—Mkm2) than aquatic sampling (0.3 and 1.8 sites/Mkm2 in oceans and fresh water) with only two subterranean datasets. Although diel and lunar cycles are well sampled across realms, only marine datasets (55 comprehensively sample all seasons. Across the 12 ecosystems selected for exploring global acoustic trends, biological sounds showed contrasting diel patterns across ecosystems, declined with distance from the Equator, and were negatively correlated with anthropogenic sounds. Main Conclusions PAM can inform macroecological studies as well as global conservation and phenology syntheses, but representation can be improved by expanding terrestrial taxonomic scope, sampling coverage in the high seas and subterranean ecosystems, and spatio-temporal replication in freshwater habitats. Overall, this worldwide PAM network holds promise to support cross-realm biodiversity research and monitoring efforts.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	e70021
Journal	Global Ecology and Biogeography
Volume	34
Issue number	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70021
Publication status	Published - May 2025

Keywords

ARU
automated sound recorder
biodiversity
conservation biology
ecoacoustics
IUCN GET realm
Passive Acoustic Monitoring
phenology
soundscape ecology

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.1111/geb.70021

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/geb.70021

Cite this

Darras, K. F. A., Rountree, R. A., Van Wilgenburg, S. L., Cord, A. F., Pitz, F., Chen, Y., Dong, L., Rocquencourt, A., Desjonquères, C., Diaz, P. M., Lin, T.-H., Turco, T., Emmerson, L., Bradfer-Lawrence, T., Gasc, A., Marley, S., Salton, M., Schillé, L., Wensveen, P. J., ... Wanger, T. C. (2025). Worldwide Soundscapes: A Synthesis of Passive Acoustic Monitoring Across Realms. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 34(5), e70021. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70021

@article{249a3096db4142d99b5c64518efa79cf,

title = "Worldwide Soundscapes: A Synthesis of Passive Acoustic Monitoring Across Realms",

abstract = "ABSTRACT Aim The urgency for remote, reliable and scalable biodiversity monitoring amidst mounting human pressures on ecosystems has sparked worldwide interest in Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM), which can track life underwater and on land. However, we lack a unified methodology to report this sampling effort and a comprehensive overview of PAM coverage to gauge its potential as a global research and monitoring tool. To address this gap, we created the Worldwide Soundscapes project, a collaborative network and growing database comprising metadata from 416 datasets across all realms (terrestrial, marine, freshwater and subterranean). Location Worldwide, 12,343 sites, all ecosystem types. Time Period 1991 to present. Major Taxa Studied All soniferous taxa. Methods We synthesise sampling coverage across spatial, temporal and ecological scales using metadata describing sampling locations, deployment schedules, focal taxa and audio recording parameters. We explore global trends in biological, anthropogenic and geophysical sounds based on 168 selected recordings from 12 ecosystems across all realms. Results Terrestrial sampling is spatially denser (46 sites per million square kilometre—Mkm2) than aquatic sampling (0.3 and 1.8 sites/Mkm2 in oceans and fresh water) with only two subterranean datasets. Although diel and lunar cycles are well sampled across realms, only marine datasets (55 comprehensively sample all seasons. Across the 12 ecosystems selected for exploring global acoustic trends, biological sounds showed contrasting diel patterns across ecosystems, declined with distance from the Equator, and were negatively correlated with anthropogenic sounds. Main Conclusions PAM can inform macroecological studies as well as global conservation and phenology syntheses, but representation can be improved by expanding terrestrial taxonomic scope, sampling coverage in the high seas and subterranean ecosystems, and spatio-temporal replication in freshwater habitats. Overall, this worldwide PAM network holds promise to support cross-realm biodiversity research and monitoring efforts.",

keywords = "ARU, automated sound recorder, biodiversity, conservation biology, ecoacoustics, IUCN GET realm, Passive Acoustic Monitoring, phenology, soundscape ecology",

author = "Darras, {Kevin F. A.} and Rountree, {Rodney A.} and {Van Wilgenburg}, {Steven L.} and Cord, {Anna F.} and Frederik Pitz and Youfang Chen and Lijun Dong and Agn{\`e}s Rocquencourt and Camille Desjonqu{\`e}res and Diaz, {Patrick Mauritz} and Tzu-Hao Lin and Th{\'e}ophile Turco and Louise Emmerson and Tom Bradfer-Lawrence and Amandine Gasc and Sarah Marley and Marcus Salton and Laura Schill{\'e} and Wensveen, {Paul J.} and Shih-Hung Wu and Acero-Murcia, {Adriana C.} and Orlando Acevedo-Charry and Maty{\'a}{\v s} Adam and Jacopo Aguzzi and Irmak Akoglu and Amorim, {M. Clara P.} and Mina Anders and Michel Andr{\'e} and Alexandre Antonelli and {Do Nascimento}, {Leandro Aparecido} and Giulliana Appel and Stephanie Archer and Christos Astaras and Andrey Atemasov and Jamieson Atkinson and Jo{\"e}l Attia and Emanuel Baltag and Luc Barbaro and Fritjof Basan and Carly Batist and Baumgarten, {Julio Ernesto} and {Bayle Sempere}, {Just T.} and Kristen Bellisario and David, {Asaf Ben} and Oded Berger-Tal and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Bertucci and Betts, {Matthew G.} and Bhalla, {Iqbal S.} and Thiago Bicudo and Marta Bolgan and Sara Bombaci and Gerard Bota and Martin Boullhesen and Briers, {Robert A.} and Susannah Buchan and Michal Budka and Katie Burchard and Giuseppa Buscaino and Alice Calvente and Marconi Campos-Cerqueira and Gon{\c c}alves, {Maria Isabel Carvalho} and Maria Ceraulo and Maite Cerezo-Araujo and Gunnar Cerw{\'e}n and Chaskda, {Adams A.} and Maria Chistopolova and Clark, {Christopher W.} and Cox, {Kieran D.} and Benjamin Cretois and Chapin Czarnecki and {da Silva}, {Luis P.} and {da Silva}, Wigna and {De Clippele}, {Laurence H.} and {de la Haye}, David and {de Oliveira Tissiani}, {Ana Silvia} and {de Zwaan}, Devin and Degano, {M. Eugenia} and Jessica Deichmann and {del Rio}, Joaquin and Christian Devenish and Ricardo D{\'i}az-Delgado and Pedro Diniz and Oliveira-J{\'u}nior, {Dorgival Di{\'o}genes} and Thiago Dorigo and Saskia Dr{\"o}ge and Marina Duarte and Adam Duarte and Kerry Dunleavy and Robert Dziak and Simon Elise and Hiroto Enari and Enari, {Haruka S.} and Florence Erbs and Eriksson, {Britas Klemens} and Pınar Ert{\"o}r-Akyazi and Ferrari, {Nina C.} and Luane Ferreira and Fleishman, {Abram B.} and Fonseca, {Paulo J.} and B{\'a}rbara Freitas and Friedman, {Nicholas R.} and Froidevaux, {J{\'e}r{\'e}my S. P.} and Svetlana Gogoleva and Carolina Gonzaga and Correa, {Jos{\'e} Miguel Gonz{\'a}lez} and Eben Goodale and Benjamin Gottesman and Ingo Grass and Jack Greenhalgh and Jocelyn Gregoire and Samuel Hach{\'e} and Jonas Hagge and William Halliday and Antonia Hammer and Tara Hanf-Dressler and Sylvain Haupert and Samara Haver and Becky Heath and Daniel Hending and Jose Hernandez-Blanco and Dennis Higgs and Thomas Hiller and Huang, {Joe Chun-Chia} and Hutchinson, {Katie Lois} and Carole Hyacinthe and Christina Ieronymidou and Iniunam, {Iniunam A.} and Janet Jackson and Alain Jacot and Olaf Jahn and Francis Juanes and Kanes, {K. S. Jasper} and Ellen Kenchington and Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas and Justin Kitzes and Tharaka Kusuminda and Yael Lehnardt and Jialin Lei and Paula Leitman and Jos{\'e} Le{\'o}n and Deng Li and Lima-Santos, {Cicero Sim{\~a}o} and Lloyd, {Kyle John} and Audrey Looby and Adri{\`a} L{\'o}pez-Baucells and David L{\'o}pez-Bosch and Tristan Louth-Robins and Tatiana Maeda and Franck Malige and Christos Mammides and Gabriel Marcacci and Matthias Markolf and Marques, {Marinez Isaac} and Martin, {Charles W.} and Martin, {Dominic A.} and Kathy Martin and Ellen McArthur and Matthew McKown and McLeod, {Logan J. T.} and Vincent M{\'e}doc and Oliver Metcalf and Meyer, {Christoph F. J.} and Grzegorz Mikusinski and Brian Miller and Jo{\~a}o Monteiro and Mooney, {T. Aran} and S{\'e}rgio Moreira and Sugai, {Larissa Sayuri Moreira} and Dave Morris and Sandra M{\"u}ller and Sebastian Mu{\~n}oz-Duque and Murchy, {Kelsie A.} and Ivan Nagelkerken and Maria Mas and Rym Nouioua and Carolina Ocampo-Ariza and Olden, {Julian D.} and Steffen Oppel and Osiecka, {Anna N.} and Elena Papale and Miles Parsons and Michael Pashkevich and Julie Patris and Marques, {Jo{\~a}o Pedro} and Cristian P{\'e}rez-Granados and Liliana Piatti and Mauro Pichorim and Pine, {Matthew K.} and Thiago Pinheiro and Jean-Nicolas Pradervand and John Quinn and Bernardo Quintella and Craig Radford and Xavier Raick and Ana Rainho and Emiliano Ramalho and Vijay Ramesh and Sylvie R{\'e}taux and Reynolds, {Laura K.} and Klaus Riede and Talen Rimmer and Noelia R{\'i}os and Ricardo Rocha and Luciana Rocha and Paul Roe and Ross, {Samuel R. P.-J.} and Rosten, {Carolyn M.} and John Ryan and Carlos Salustio-Gomes and Samarra, {Filipa I. P.} and Philip Samartzis and Jos{\'e} Santos and Thomas Sattler and Kevin Scharffenberg and Schoeman, {Ren{\'e}e P.} and Karl-Ludwig Schuchmann and Esther Sebasti{\'a}n-Gonz{\'a}lez and Sebastian Seibold and Sarab Sethi and Shabangu, {Fannie W.} and Taylor Shaw and Xiaoli Shen and David Singer and Ana {\v S}irovi{\'c} and Matthew Slater and Brittnie Spriel and Jenni Stanley and J{\'e}r{\^o}me Sueur and {da Cunha Tavares}, Valeria and Karolin Thomisch and Simon Thorn and Jianfeng Tong and Laura Torrent and Juan Traba and Tremblay, {Junior A.} and Leonardo Trevelin and Sunny Tseng and Mao-Ning Tuanmu and Marisol Valverde and Ben Vernasco and Manuel Vieira and {da Paz}, {Raiane Vital} and Matthew Ward and Maryann Watson and Weldy, {Matthew J.} and Julia Wiel and Jacob Willie and Heather Wood and Jinshan Xu and Wenyi Zhou and Songhai Li and Renata Sousa-Lima and Wanger, {Thomas Cherico}",

note = "e70021 GEB-2024-0503.R1",

year = "2025",

month = may,

doi = "10.1111/geb.70021",

language = "English",

volume = "34",

pages = "e70021",

journal = "Global Ecology and Biogeography",

issn = "1466-822X",

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}

Darras, KFA, Rountree, RA, Van Wilgenburg, SL, Cord, AF, Pitz, F, Chen, Y, Dong, L, Rocquencourt, A, Desjonquères, C, Diaz, PM, Lin, T-H, Turco, T, Emmerson, L, Bradfer-Lawrence, T, Gasc, A, Marley, S, Salton, M, Schillé, L, Wensveen, PJ, Wu, S-H, Acero-Murcia, AC, Acevedo-Charry, O, Adam, M, Aguzzi, J, Akoglu, I, Amorim, MCP, Anders, M, André, M, Antonelli, A, Do Nascimento, LA, Appel, G, Archer, S, Astaras, C, Atemasov, A, Atkinson, J, Attia, J, Baltag, E, Barbaro, L, Basan, F, Batist, C, Baumgarten, JE, Bayle Sempere, JT, Bellisario, K, David, AB, Berger-Tal, O, Bertucci, F, Betts, MG, Bhalla, IS, Bicudo, T, Bolgan, M, Bombaci, S, Bota, G, Boullhesen, M, Briers, RA, Buchan, S, Budka, M, Burchard, K, Buscaino, G, Calvente, A, Campos-Cerqueira, M, Gonçalves, MIC, Ceraulo, M, Cerezo-Araujo, M, Cerwén, G, Chaskda, AA, Chistopolova, M, Clark, CW, Cox, KD, Cretois, B, Czarnecki, C, da Silva, LP, da Silva, W, De Clippele, LH, de la Haye, D, de Oliveira Tissiani, AS, de Zwaan, D, Degano, ME, Deichmann, J, del Rio, J, Devenish, C, Díaz-Delgado, R, Diniz, P, Oliveira-Júnior, DD, Dorigo, T, Dröge, S, Duarte, M, Duarte, A, Dunleavy, K, Dziak, R, Elise, S, Enari, H, Enari, HS, Erbs, F, Eriksson, BK, Ertör-Akyazi, P, Ferrari, NC, Ferreira, L, Fleishman, AB, Fonseca, PJ, Freitas, B, Friedman, NR, Froidevaux, JSP, Gogoleva, S, Gonzaga, C, Correa, JMG, Goodale, E, Gottesman, B, Grass, I, Greenhalgh, J, Gregoire, J, Haché, S, Hagge, J, Halliday, W, Hammer, A, Hanf-Dressler, T, Haupert, S, Haver, S, Heath, B, Hending, D, Hernandez-Blanco, J, Higgs, D, Hiller, T, Huang, JC-C, Hutchinson, KL, Hyacinthe, C, Ieronymidou, C, Iniunam, IA, Jackson, J, Jacot, A, Jahn, O, Juanes, F, Kanes, KSJ, Kenchington, E, Kepfer-Rojas, S, Kitzes, J, Kusuminda, T, Lehnardt, Y, Lei, J, Leitman, P, León, J, Li, D, Lima-Santos, CS, Lloyd, KJ, Looby, A, López-Baucells, A, López-Bosch, D, Louth-Robins, T, Maeda, T, Malige, F, Mammides, C, Marcacci, G, Markolf, M, Marques, MI, Martin, CW, Martin, DA, Martin, K, McArthur, E, McKown, M, McLeod, LJT, Médoc, V, Metcalf, O, Meyer, CFJ, Mikusinski, G, Miller, B, Monteiro, J, Mooney, TA, Moreira, S, Sugai, LSM, Morris, D, Müller, S, Muñoz-Duque, S, Murchy, KA, Nagelkerken, I, Mas, M, Nouioua, R, Ocampo-Ariza, C, Olden, JD, Oppel, S, Osiecka, AN, Papale, E, Parsons, M, Pashkevich, M, Patris, J, Marques, JP, Pérez-Granados, C, Piatti, L, Pichorim, M, Pine, MK, Pinheiro, T, Pradervand, J-N, Quinn, J, Quintella, B, Radford, C, Raick, X, Rainho, A, Ramalho, E, Ramesh, V, Rétaux, S, Reynolds, LK, Riede, K, Rimmer, T, Ríos, N, Rocha, R, Rocha, L, Roe, P, Ross, SRP-J, Rosten, CM, Ryan, J, Salustio-Gomes, C, Samarra, FIP, Samartzis, P, Santos, J, Sattler, T, Scharffenberg, K, Schoeman, RP, Schuchmann, K-L, Sebastián-González, E, Seibold, S, Sethi, S, Shabangu, FW, Shaw, T, Shen, X, Singer, D, Širović, A, Slater, M, Spriel, B, Stanley, J, Sueur, J, da Cunha Tavares, V, Thomisch, K, Thorn, S, Tong, J, Torrent, L, Traba, J, Tremblay, JA, Trevelin, L, Tseng, S, Tuanmu, M-N, Valverde, M, Vernasco, B, Vieira, M, da Paz, RV, Ward, M, Watson, M, Weldy, MJ, Wiel, J, Willie, J, Wood, H, Xu, J, Zhou, W, Li, S, Sousa-Lima, R & Wanger, TC 2025, 'Worldwide Soundscapes: A Synthesis of Passive Acoustic Monitoring Across Realms', Global Ecology and Biogeography, vol. 34, no. 5, pp. e70021. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70021

TY - JOUR

T1 - Worldwide Soundscapes: A Synthesis of Passive Acoustic Monitoring Across Realms

AU - Darras, Kevin F. A.

AU - Rountree, Rodney A.

AU - Van Wilgenburg, Steven L.

AU - Cord, Anna F.

AU - Pitz, Frederik

AU - Chen, Youfang

AU - Dong, Lijun

AU - Rocquencourt, Agnès

AU - Desjonquères, Camille

AU - Diaz, Patrick Mauritz

AU - Lin, Tzu-Hao

AU - Turco, Théophile

AU - Emmerson, Louise

AU - Bradfer-Lawrence, Tom

AU - Gasc, Amandine

AU - Marley, Sarah

AU - Salton, Marcus

AU - Schillé, Laura

AU - Wensveen, Paul J.

AU - Wu, Shih-Hung

AU - Acero-Murcia, Adriana C.

AU - Acevedo-Charry, Orlando

AU - Adam, Matyáš

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N1 - e70021 GEB-2024-0503.R1

PY - 2025/5

Y1 - 2025/5

N2 - ABSTRACT Aim The urgency for remote, reliable and scalable biodiversity monitoring amidst mounting human pressures on ecosystems has sparked worldwide interest in Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM), which can track life underwater and on land. However, we lack a unified methodology to report this sampling effort and a comprehensive overview of PAM coverage to gauge its potential as a global research and monitoring tool. To address this gap, we created the Worldwide Soundscapes project, a collaborative network and growing database comprising metadata from 416 datasets across all realms (terrestrial, marine, freshwater and subterranean). Location Worldwide, 12,343 sites, all ecosystem types. Time Period 1991 to present. Major Taxa Studied All soniferous taxa. Methods We synthesise sampling coverage across spatial, temporal and ecological scales using metadata describing sampling locations, deployment schedules, focal taxa and audio recording parameters. We explore global trends in biological, anthropogenic and geophysical sounds based on 168 selected recordings from 12 ecosystems across all realms. Results Terrestrial sampling is spatially denser (46 sites per million square kilometre—Mkm2) than aquatic sampling (0.3 and 1.8 sites/Mkm2 in oceans and fresh water) with only two subterranean datasets. Although diel and lunar cycles are well sampled across realms, only marine datasets (55 comprehensively sample all seasons. Across the 12 ecosystems selected for exploring global acoustic trends, biological sounds showed contrasting diel patterns across ecosystems, declined with distance from the Equator, and were negatively correlated with anthropogenic sounds. Main Conclusions PAM can inform macroecological studies as well as global conservation and phenology syntheses, but representation can be improved by expanding terrestrial taxonomic scope, sampling coverage in the high seas and subterranean ecosystems, and spatio-temporal replication in freshwater habitats. Overall, this worldwide PAM network holds promise to support cross-realm biodiversity research and monitoring efforts.

AB - ABSTRACT Aim The urgency for remote, reliable and scalable biodiversity monitoring amidst mounting human pressures on ecosystems has sparked worldwide interest in Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM), which can track life underwater and on land. However, we lack a unified methodology to report this sampling effort and a comprehensive overview of PAM coverage to gauge its potential as a global research and monitoring tool. To address this gap, we created the Worldwide Soundscapes project, a collaborative network and growing database comprising metadata from 416 datasets across all realms (terrestrial, marine, freshwater and subterranean). Location Worldwide, 12,343 sites, all ecosystem types. Time Period 1991 to present. Major Taxa Studied All soniferous taxa. Methods We synthesise sampling coverage across spatial, temporal and ecological scales using metadata describing sampling locations, deployment schedules, focal taxa and audio recording parameters. We explore global trends in biological, anthropogenic and geophysical sounds based on 168 selected recordings from 12 ecosystems across all realms. Results Terrestrial sampling is spatially denser (46 sites per million square kilometre—Mkm2) than aquatic sampling (0.3 and 1.8 sites/Mkm2 in oceans and fresh water) with only two subterranean datasets. Although diel and lunar cycles are well sampled across realms, only marine datasets (55 comprehensively sample all seasons. Across the 12 ecosystems selected for exploring global acoustic trends, biological sounds showed contrasting diel patterns across ecosystems, declined with distance from the Equator, and were negatively correlated with anthropogenic sounds. Main Conclusions PAM can inform macroecological studies as well as global conservation and phenology syntheses, but representation can be improved by expanding terrestrial taxonomic scope, sampling coverage in the high seas and subterranean ecosystems, and spatio-temporal replication in freshwater habitats. Overall, this worldwide PAM network holds promise to support cross-realm biodiversity research and monitoring efforts.

KW - ARU

KW - automated sound recorder

KW - biodiversity

KW - conservation biology

KW - ecoacoustics

KW - IUCN GET realm

KW - Passive Acoustic Monitoring

KW - phenology

KW - soundscape ecology

U2 - 10.1111/geb.70021

DO - 10.1111/geb.70021

M3 - Article

SN - 1466-822X

VL - 34

SP - e70021

JO - Global Ecology and Biogeography

JF - Global Ecology and Biogeography

IS - 5

ER -