Unexpected positive correlation between human development index and risk of infections and deaths of COVID-19 in Italy

Kai Liu; Mu He; Zian Zhuang; Daihai He; Huaichen Li

doi:10.1016/j.onehlt.2020.100174

Unexpected positive correlation between human development index and risk of infections and deaths of COVID-19 in Italy

Kai Liu, Mu He, Zian Zhuang, Daihai He^*, Huaichen Li

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

37 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

In this analysis, we observed that human development index (an integrated index of life expectation, education and living standard) correlates with infection rate (proportion of confirmed cases among the population) and the fatality rate of COVID-19 in Italy based on data as of May 15, 2020. Further analysis showed that HDI is negatively correlated with cigarette consumption, whereas it is positively correlated with chronic disease and average annual gross salary. These factors may partially explain why unexpected positive correlation is observed between human development index and risk of infections and deaths of COVID-19 in Italy.

Original language	English
Article number	100174
Journal	One Health
Volume	10
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.onehlt.2020.100174
Publication status	Published - Dec 2020
Externally published	Yes

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abstract = "In this analysis, we observed that human development index (an integrated index of life expectation, education and living standard) correlates with infection rate (proportion of confirmed cases among the population) and the fatality rate of COVID-19 in Italy based on data as of May 15, 2020. Further analysis showed that HDI is negatively correlated with cigarette consumption, whereas it is positively correlated with chronic disease and average annual gross salary. These factors may partially explain why unexpected positive correlation is observed between human development index and risk of infections and deaths of COVID-19 in Italy.",

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AU - Liu, Kai

AU - He, Mu

AU - Zhuang, Zian

AU - He, Daihai

AU - Li, Huaichen

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AB - In this analysis, we observed that human development index (an integrated index of life expectation, education and living standard) correlates with infection rate (proportion of confirmed cases among the population) and the fatality rate of COVID-19 in Italy based on data as of May 15, 2020. Further analysis showed that HDI is negatively correlated with cigarette consumption, whereas it is positively correlated with chronic disease and average annual gross salary. These factors may partially explain why unexpected positive correlation is observed between human development index and risk of infections and deaths of COVID-19 in Italy.

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Unexpected positive correlation between human development index and risk of infections and deaths of COVID-19 in Italy

Abstract

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