TY - GEN
T1 - Performance Evaluation of VPN Protocols in Live and Dynamic Network Environments
AU - Xiang, Carlson Tan Jian
AU - Aslam, Saad
AU - Tan, Andrew
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.
PY - 2025
Y1 - 2025
N2 - Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) represent a network protocol, that is used to connect two distinct and separate networks. Computers on a VPN network can communicate with each other as if they were on the same local network. Dedicated VPN protocols such as IKEv2, WireGuard, OpenVPN, etc. have been developed with each claiming its strengths and weaknesses. Selecting a VPN protocol has always been a challenge, as this selection significantly impacts the performance of the network. This paper aims to perform tests on live networks, to quantify how differently VPN protocols perform under real network conditions. An evaluation system that uses Iperf3 was developed in Tauri, along with a server to serve as the benchmark endpoint. Multiple real-world tests were performed at various locations around the Klang Valley (Malaysia), to provide a comparative study of different VPN protocols considering various network environments. The results showed that IKEv2 is generally the best-performing VPN protocol, while other protocols are more network-dependent, with each test showing a different protocol as the most effective. The results also indicate that some protocols, such as WireGuard and OpenVPN, are unable to keep the connection active when network traffic is being contested for bandwidth.
AB - Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) represent a network protocol, that is used to connect two distinct and separate networks. Computers on a VPN network can communicate with each other as if they were on the same local network. Dedicated VPN protocols such as IKEv2, WireGuard, OpenVPN, etc. have been developed with each claiming its strengths and weaknesses. Selecting a VPN protocol has always been a challenge, as this selection significantly impacts the performance of the network. This paper aims to perform tests on live networks, to quantify how differently VPN protocols perform under real network conditions. An evaluation system that uses Iperf3 was developed in Tauri, along with a server to serve as the benchmark endpoint. Multiple real-world tests were performed at various locations around the Klang Valley (Malaysia), to provide a comparative study of different VPN protocols considering various network environments. The results showed that IKEv2 is generally the best-performing VPN protocol, while other protocols are more network-dependent, with each test showing a different protocol as the most effective. The results also indicate that some protocols, such as WireGuard and OpenVPN, are unable to keep the connection active when network traffic is being contested for bandwidth.
KW - IKEv2
KW - L2TP
KW - Network Performance
KW - OpenVPN
KW - SSTP
KW - Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
KW - WireGuard
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=105002709103&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/978-981-96-3949-6_34
DO - 10.1007/978-981-96-3949-6_34
M3 - Conference Proceeding
AN - SCOPUS:105002709103
SN - 9789819639489
T3 - Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems
SP - 420
EP - 429
BT - Selected Proceedings from the 2nd International Conference on Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, ICIMR 2024 - Advances in Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics
A2 - Chen, Wei
A2 - Ping Tan, Andrew Huey
A2 - Luo, Yang
A2 - Huang, Long
A2 - Zhu, Yuyi
A2 - PP Abdul Majeed, Anwar
A2 - Zhang, Fan
A2 - Yan, Yuyao
A2 - Liu, Chenguang
PB - Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
T2 - 2nd International Conference on Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, ICIMR 2024
Y2 - 22 August 2024 through 23 August 2024
ER -