Organic-inorganic hybrid-based S-scheme heterostructure in solar-to-fuel conversion

Inorganic-organic S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts exhibit excellent photocatalytic performance, with higher photogenerated charge separation efficiency and strong redox capabilities. At the same time, they possess advantages of both organic and inorganic semiconductors. This article reviews the latest progress of inorganic-organic S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts in the photocatalysis field. Firstly, the advantages and disadvantages of various heterojunctions are described. Then, several synthesis techniques for preparing inorganic-organic S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts and various advanced characterization methods that can verify S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts in both steady state and transient state are discussed. Examples are given to illustrate the applications of inorganic-organic S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts in hydrogen production, CO2 emission reduction, pollutant degradation, H2O2 synthesis, and organic transformation. Finally, suggestions for improving the photocatalytic performance of inorganic-organic S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts are put forward. There is no doubt that inorganic-organic S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts have become a prominent and promising technology in the photocatalysis field.