TY - JOUR
T1 - Numerical modeling of heat transfer during spark plasma sintering of titanium carbide
AU - Mohammad Bagheri, Saeed
AU - Vajdi, Mohammad
AU - Sadegh Moghanlou, Farhad
AU - Sakkaki, Milad
AU - Mohammadi, Mohsen
AU - Shokouhimehr, Mohammadreza
AU - Shahedi Asl, Mehdi
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l.
PY - 2020/4/15
Y1 - 2020/4/15
N2 - Spark plasma sintering (SPS) is an efficient manufacturing method especially for ultra-high temperature ceramics (UHTCs) such as titanium carbides. Heating mechanism in SPS is a result of high electric current in the device including die, punch, and sample powder. Because the temperature distribution in the sintering process has considerable effect on the microstructure of the final sintered sample, in the present work, SPS of a cylindrical sample consist of a titanium carbide was investigated numerically. The governing equations of heat diffusion and electricity distribution in the whole device was solved using finite element method. In the heat diffusion equation, heat generation per volume was considered as a result of electric current in the device. Boundary conditions including radiation heat transfer and convective cooling by water flow were modelled by Stefan-boltzman and Newton cooling laws, respectively. The maximum temperature was observed at the center of the TiC sample. The radial temperature distribution in the sample showed considerable gradient as the minimum and maximum temperatures were 2000 °C and 1920 °C, respectively. Despite the radial direction, vertical temperature gradient was negligible in TiC sintering. Although the highest current density and consequent heat generation were observed at the die/punch interface with the minimum cross section, the maximum temperature of the whole apparatus was at the punch location.
AB - Spark plasma sintering (SPS) is an efficient manufacturing method especially for ultra-high temperature ceramics (UHTCs) such as titanium carbides. Heating mechanism in SPS is a result of high electric current in the device including die, punch, and sample powder. Because the temperature distribution in the sintering process has considerable effect on the microstructure of the final sintered sample, in the present work, SPS of a cylindrical sample consist of a titanium carbide was investigated numerically. The governing equations of heat diffusion and electricity distribution in the whole device was solved using finite element method. In the heat diffusion equation, heat generation per volume was considered as a result of electric current in the device. Boundary conditions including radiation heat transfer and convective cooling by water flow were modelled by Stefan-boltzman and Newton cooling laws, respectively. The maximum temperature was observed at the center of the TiC sample. The radial temperature distribution in the sample showed considerable gradient as the minimum and maximum temperatures were 2000 °C and 1920 °C, respectively. Despite the radial direction, vertical temperature gradient was negligible in TiC sintering. Although the highest current density and consequent heat generation were observed at the die/punch interface with the minimum cross section, the maximum temperature of the whole apparatus was at the punch location.
KW - COMSOL multiphysics
KW - Heat transfer
KW - Numerical simulation
KW - Spark plasma sintering
KW - Temperature distribution
KW - Titanium carbides
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85076607135&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.11.262
DO - 10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.11.262
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85076607135
SN - 0272-8842
VL - 46
SP - 7615
EP - 7624
JO - Ceramics International
JF - Ceramics International
IS - 6
ER -