Lethal puncturing of planktonic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by magnetically-rotated silica hexapods

Kecheng Quan, Yu Qin, Kai Chen, Miaomiao Liu, Xiaoliang Zhang, Peng Liu, Henny C. van der Mei, Henk J. Busscher*, Zexin Zhang

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Planktonic bacterial presence in many industrial and environmental applications and personal health-care products is generally countered using antimicrobials. However, antimicrobial chemicals present an environmental threat, while emerging resistance reduces their efficacy. Suspended bacteria have no defense against mechanical attack. Therefore, we synthesized silica hexapods on an α-Fe2O3 core that can be magnetically-rotated to inflict lethal cell-wall-damage to planktonic Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Hexapods possessed 600 nm long nano-spikes, composed of SiO2, as shown by FTIR and XPS. Fluorescence staining revealed cell wall damage caused by rotating hexapods. This damage was accompanied by DNA/protein release and bacterial death that increased with increasing rotational frequency up to 500 rpm. Lethal puncturing was more extensive on Gram-negative bacteria than on Gram-positive bacteria, which have a thicker peptidoglycan layer with a higher Young's modulus. Simulations confirmed that cell-wall-puncturing occurs at lower nano-spike penetration levels in the cell walls of Gram-negative bacteria. This approach offers a new way to kill bacteria in suspension, not based on antimicrobial chemicals.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)275-283
Number of pages9
JournalJournal of Colloid and Interface Science
Volume664
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 15 Jun 2024
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • Cell wall damage
  • Hexapods
  • Magnetic propulsion
  • Nano-antimicrobials
  • Planktonic bacteria
  • Surface free energy density

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