Laws and Policies for Innovation and Entrepreneurship: A Comparative Study of China, Australia, and Brazil: Society of Corporate Law Academics Conference 2025

The technological revolution have made innovation and entrepreneurship key drivers of national economic growth. Different countries have developed distinct laws and policies to foster innovation and entrepreneurship, shaped by their unique economic conditions, resource availability, and market needs. In China, documents such as the ‘14th Five-Year Plan for Science, Technology, and Innovation’ and the ‘Outline of the Innovation-Driven Development Strategy’ have been issued to support local governments through tax incentives, subsidies, and funding for technological innovation, while promoting collaboration between businesses and research institutions. Australia has implemented a range of supportive policies under the ‘National Innovation and Science Agenda’, including the ‘Research and Development Tax Incentive’, to encourage technological innovation through tax breaks for businesses. Additionally, the government supports start-ups through initiatives like the ‘Entrepreneurship Programme’ and the ‘Start-Up Accelerator Programme’. In Brazil, while innovation policies emerged later, recent adoption of the Innovation Law has bolstered the government's leadership in science, technology, and innovation. Programs such as the ‘Start-Up Brazil’ initiative and the ‘Innovation Fund’ offer financial support and technical resources to small businesses and research institutions, driving technological progress and start-up growth. Apparently, China, Australia, and Brazil each have distinctive features in their innovation and entrepreneurship laws and policies. This paper will conduct a comparative analysis of the innovation and entrepreneurship policies of these three countries, examining their similarities and differences, and drawing lessons from each other's successes to strengthen international cooperation and promote the balanced and sustainable development of the global and regional economies.