TY - JOUR
T1 - Kepler-411
T2 - A four-planet system with an active host star
AU - Sun, L.
AU - Ioannidis, P.
AU - Gu, S.
AU - Schmitt, J. H.M.M.
AU - Wang, X.
AU - Kouwenhoven, M. B.N.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© ESO 2019.
PY - 2019/4/1
Y1 - 2019/4/1
N2 - We present a detailed characterization of the Kepler-411 system (KOI 1781). This system was previously known to host two transiting planets: one with a period of 3 days (R = 2.4 R; Kepler-411b) and one with a period of 7.8 days (R = 4.4 R; Kepler-411c), as well as a transiting planetary candidate with a 58-day period (R = 3.3 R; KOI 1781.03) from Kepler photometry. Here, we combine Kepler photometry data and new transit timing variation (TTV) measurements from all the Kepler quarters with previous adaptive-optics imaging results, and dynamical simulations, in order to constrain the properties of the Kepler-411 system. From our analysis, we obtain masses of 25.6 ± 2.6 M for Kepler-411b and 26.4 ± 5.9 M for Kepler-411c, and we confirm the planetary nature of KOI 1781.03 with a mass of 15.2 ± 5.1 M, hence the name Kepler-411d. Furthermore, by assuming near-coplanarity of the system (mutual inclination below 30°), we discover a nontransiting planet, Kepler-411e, with a mass of 10.8 ± 1.1 M on a 31.5-day orbit, which has a strong dynamical interaction with Kepler-411d. With densities of 1.71 ± 0.39 g cm-3 and 2.32 ± 0.83 g cm-3, both Kepler-411c and Kepler-411d belong to the group of planets with a massive core and a significant fraction of volatiles. Although Kepler-411b has a sub-Neptune size, it belongs to the group of rocky planets.
AB - We present a detailed characterization of the Kepler-411 system (KOI 1781). This system was previously known to host two transiting planets: one with a period of 3 days (R = 2.4 R; Kepler-411b) and one with a period of 7.8 days (R = 4.4 R; Kepler-411c), as well as a transiting planetary candidate with a 58-day period (R = 3.3 R; KOI 1781.03) from Kepler photometry. Here, we combine Kepler photometry data and new transit timing variation (TTV) measurements from all the Kepler quarters with previous adaptive-optics imaging results, and dynamical simulations, in order to constrain the properties of the Kepler-411 system. From our analysis, we obtain masses of 25.6 ± 2.6 M for Kepler-411b and 26.4 ± 5.9 M for Kepler-411c, and we confirm the planetary nature of KOI 1781.03 with a mass of 15.2 ± 5.1 M, hence the name Kepler-411d. Furthermore, by assuming near-coplanarity of the system (mutual inclination below 30°), we discover a nontransiting planet, Kepler-411e, with a mass of 10.8 ± 1.1 M on a 31.5-day orbit, which has a strong dynamical interaction with Kepler-411d. With densities of 1.71 ± 0.39 g cm-3 and 2.32 ± 0.83 g cm-3, both Kepler-411c and Kepler-411d belong to the group of planets with a massive core and a significant fraction of volatiles. Although Kepler-411b has a sub-Neptune size, it belongs to the group of rocky planets.
KW - Planetary systems
KW - Planets and satellites: dynamical evolution and stability
KW - Stars: activity
KW - Starspots
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85063879748&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1051/0004-6361/201834275
DO - 10.1051/0004-6361/201834275
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85063879748
SN - 0004-6361
VL - 624
JO - Astronomy and Astrophysics
JF - Astronomy and Astrophysics
M1 - A15
ER -