TY - JOUR
T1 - Enhancement of protoporphyrin IX performance in aqueous solutions for photodynamic therapy
AU - Homayoni, Homa
AU - Jiang, Ke
AU - Zou, Xiaoju
AU - Hossu, Marius
AU - Rashidi, Leila Hossein
AU - Chen, Wei
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2015/6/1
Y1 - 2015/6/1
N2 - Molecular modification of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) was conducted to improve its water solubility and therapeutic performance for photodynamic therapy. The carboxylic acid and the two nitrogen atoms in the core of PpIX molecule were protonated following by conjugation with 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES). Then, folic acid (FA) was conjugated to the APTES-coated PpIX (MPpIX) through chemical bonding between FA and protonated PpIX. The results showed that APTES coating can stabilize PpIX and increase its water solubility. Consequently, this leads to the enhancement in luminescence and singlet oxygen production. Upon X-ray irradiation, singlet oxygen can be detected in the MPpIX but not in PpIX. This means that MPpIX can be used for deep cancer treatment as X-ray can penetrate deeply into tissue. Molecular modification also reduces the dark toxicity of PPIX and increases their cell uptake. All these traits indicate that the Molecular modification of PpIX may potentially improve the efficacy of photodynamic therapy for cancer treatment.
AB - Molecular modification of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) was conducted to improve its water solubility and therapeutic performance for photodynamic therapy. The carboxylic acid and the two nitrogen atoms in the core of PpIX molecule were protonated following by conjugation with 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES). Then, folic acid (FA) was conjugated to the APTES-coated PpIX (MPpIX) through chemical bonding between FA and protonated PpIX. The results showed that APTES coating can stabilize PpIX and increase its water solubility. Consequently, this leads to the enhancement in luminescence and singlet oxygen production. Upon X-ray irradiation, singlet oxygen can be detected in the MPpIX but not in PpIX. This means that MPpIX can be used for deep cancer treatment as X-ray can penetrate deeply into tissue. Molecular modification also reduces the dark toxicity of PPIX and increases their cell uptake. All these traits indicate that the Molecular modification of PpIX may potentially improve the efficacy of photodynamic therapy for cancer treatment.
KW - Aggregation
KW - Luminescence
KW - Molecular modification
KW - Photodynamic therapy (PDT)
KW - Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX)
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84930476342&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2015.01.003
DO - 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2015.01.003
M3 - Article
C2 - 25636780
AN - SCOPUS:84930476342
SN - 1572-1000
VL - 12
SP - 258
EP - 266
JO - Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy
JF - Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy
IS - 2
ER -
