TY - JOUR
T1 - A Prospective Viewpoint on Neurological Diseases and Their Biomarkers
AU - Zehravi, Mehrukh
AU - Kabir, Janisa
AU - Akter, Rokeya
AU - Malik, Sumira
AU - Ashraf, Ghulam Md
AU - Tagde, Priti
AU - Ramproshad, Sarker
AU - Mondal, Banani
AU - Rahman, Md Habibur
AU - Mohan, Aurel George
AU - Cavalu, Simona
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2022/6/1
Y1 - 2022/6/1
N2 - Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are disorders that affect both the central and pe-ripheral nervous systems. To name a few causes, NDDs can be caused by ischemia, oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cell stress, inflammation, abnormal protein deposition in neural tis-sue, autoimmune-mediated neuron loss, and viral or prion infections. These conditions include Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Lewy body dementia (LBD), and Parkinson’s disease (PD). The formation of β-sheet-rich aggregates of intra-or extracellular proteins in the CNS hallmarks all neurodegen-erative proteinopathies. In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), numerous organs, including the central nervous system (CNS), are affected. However, the inflammatory process is linked to several neurodegenerative pathways that are linked to depression because of NDDs. Pro-inflammatory signals activated by aging may increase vulnerability to neuropsychiatric disorders. Viruses may increase macrophages and CCR5+ T cells within the CNS during dementia formation and progression. Unlike medical symptoms, which are just signs of a patient’s health as expressed and perceived, biomarkers are reproducible and quantitative. Therefore, this current review will highlight and summarize the neurological disorders and their biomarkers.
AB - Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are disorders that affect both the central and pe-ripheral nervous systems. To name a few causes, NDDs can be caused by ischemia, oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cell stress, inflammation, abnormal protein deposition in neural tis-sue, autoimmune-mediated neuron loss, and viral or prion infections. These conditions include Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Lewy body dementia (LBD), and Parkinson’s disease (PD). The formation of β-sheet-rich aggregates of intra-or extracellular proteins in the CNS hallmarks all neurodegen-erative proteinopathies. In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), numerous organs, including the central nervous system (CNS), are affected. However, the inflammatory process is linked to several neurodegenerative pathways that are linked to depression because of NDDs. Pro-inflammatory signals activated by aging may increase vulnerability to neuropsychiatric disorders. Viruses may increase macrophages and CCR5+ T cells within the CNS during dementia formation and progression. Unlike medical symptoms, which are just signs of a patient’s health as expressed and perceived, biomarkers are reproducible and quantitative. Therefore, this current review will highlight and summarize the neurological disorders and their biomarkers.
KW - biomarkers
KW - neuroinflammation
KW - neurological disorder
KW - proteinopathies
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85131707579&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/molecules27113516
DO - 10.3390/molecules27113516
M3 - Review article
C2 - 35684455
AN - SCOPUS:85131707579
SN - 1420-3049
VL - 27
JO - Molecules
JF - Molecules
IS - 11
M1 - 3516
ER -