英国低碳建筑: 综合视角的研究与发展

随着全球气候变化成为公众关注的焦点，可持续发展的观念已经渗透到社会生产和生活的各个层面。在建筑业界，大部分的相关讨论都集中在技术方面。但研究表明，单一地依赖现有的建筑技术并不能真正实现节能和 CO2 减排的最终目标。本文通过对英国在低碳建筑研究（如 CaRB 科研项目）和设计（从 BedZ ED到金斯潘住宅的案例）方面的分析，旨在为中国的学者和建筑师提供相关的经验——如何从一种更加全面的角度，即在全生命周期分析的基础上，从社会和技术的双重层面来看待建筑的节能和 CO2 减排。在这个可持续发展全局观的视角上，建筑师在低碳建筑参与式设计过程中所扮演的角色也被赋予了全新的含义。

It is widely acknowledgedt hat sustainability principles should be addressed in the construction industry to tackl e climate change. Particular attention has recently been paid to the development and application of advanced technologies. However, to achieve the objective of energy saving and carbon reductions, a wide range of issues need to be taken into account in the building whole life analysis, some of which may not be addressed from a technical perspective. To have a deep insight into this given phenomenon, some exploratory work, including both research (e. g. CaRB) and design (e. g. BedZED and the Kingspan Light house) , are carried out in the UK. As a r esult, i t is argued that energy saving and carbon reductions in buildings should be addressed from an integrated perspective, for instance a socio- technical perspective. Such view is also valuabl e to facilitate research and development of low carbon architecture in China. To save energy and reduce carbon emissions in the operational phase of building occupation, architects’ r esponsibilities in the participatory design processes are redefined。