TY - JOUR
T1 - Zebrafish Peptidoglycan Recognition Proteins Are Bactericidal Amidases Essential for Defense against Bacterial Infections
AU - Li, Xinna
AU - Wang, Shiyong
AU - Qi, Jin
AU - Echtenkamp, Stephen F.
AU - Chatterjee, Rohini
AU - Wang, Mu
AU - Boons, Geert Jan
AU - Dziarski, Roman
AU - Gupta, Dipika
N1 - Funding Information:
We are grateful to Patrick Bankston and William Hamlett for help in interpreting the immunohistochemistry slides and David Lains, Christen Mumaw, and Nancy Mangini for advice on maintenance of zebrafish. This work was supported by USPHS Grants AI28797 and AI56395 from the National Institutes of Health to R.D. and D.G. and GM065248 to G.-J.B.
Funding Information:
Adult zebrafish, Danio rerio, were obtained from the Zebrafish International Resource Center (supported by grant #RR12546 from NIH-NCRR), University of Oregon. Zebrafish were housed and maintained in our facilities according to the established protocols described in the “The Zebrafish Book,” University of Oregon ( www.zfin.org ). All experiments with fish were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Indiana University School of Medicine Northwest.
PY - 2007/9/21
Y1 - 2007/9/21
N2 - Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) are structurally conserved through evolution, but their functions in innate immunity are different in invertebrates and vertebrates. We asked what the functions of PGRPs in fish are and whether they are indispensable for defense against infection because fish are the first vertebrates that developed adaptive immunity, but they still rely solely on innate immunity during early development of embryos. We identified and cloned three zebrafish PGRPs and showed that they are highly expressed in eggs, developing embryos, and adult tissues that contact external environment. Zebrafish PGRPs have both peptidoglycan-lytic amidase activity and broad-spectrum bactericidal activity, which is a unique feature. Furthermore, we demonstrated that in the developing zebrafish embryo, one of these PGRPs is essential for defense and survival during bacterial infections. These data demonstrate an absolute requirement for innate immunity in defense against infections in fish embryos and for a PGRP protein for survival in vertebrates.
AB - Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) are structurally conserved through evolution, but their functions in innate immunity are different in invertebrates and vertebrates. We asked what the functions of PGRPs in fish are and whether they are indispensable for defense against infection because fish are the first vertebrates that developed adaptive immunity, but they still rely solely on innate immunity during early development of embryos. We identified and cloned three zebrafish PGRPs and showed that they are highly expressed in eggs, developing embryos, and adult tissues that contact external environment. Zebrafish PGRPs have both peptidoglycan-lytic amidase activity and broad-spectrum bactericidal activity, which is a unique feature. Furthermore, we demonstrated that in the developing zebrafish embryo, one of these PGRPs is essential for defense and survival during bacterial infections. These data demonstrate an absolute requirement for innate immunity in defense against infections in fish embryos and for a PGRP protein for survival in vertebrates.
KW - HUMDISEASE
KW - MICROBIO
KW - MOLIMMUNO
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=34548697554&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.immuni.2007.07.020
DO - 10.1016/j.immuni.2007.07.020
M3 - Article
C2 - 17892854
AN - SCOPUS:34548697554
SN - 1074-7613
VL - 27
SP - 518
EP - 529
JO - Immunity
JF - Immunity
IS - 3
ER -