TY - JOUR
T1 - The physical properties of coarse-fragment soils and their effects on permafrost dynamics
T2 - A case study on the central Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau
AU - Yi, Shuhua
AU - He, Yujie
AU - Guo, Xinlei
AU - Chen, Jianjun
AU - Wu, Qingbai
AU - Qin, Yu
AU - Ding, Yongjian
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Author(s).
PY - 2018/9/27
Y1 - 2018/9/27
N2 - Soils on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) have distinct physical properties from agricultural soils due to weak weathering and strong erosion. These properties might affect permafrost dynamics. However, few studies have investigated both quantitatively. In this study, we selected a permafrost site on the central region of the QTP and excavated soil samples down to 200 cm. We measured soil porosity, thermal conductivity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and matric potential in the laboratory. Finally, we ran a simulation model replacing default sand or loam parameters with different combinations of these measured parameters. Our results showed that the mass of coarse fragments in the soil samples (diameter > 2 mm) was ∼ 55 % on average, soil porosity was less than 0.3 m3 m-3, saturated hydraulic conductivity ranged from 0.004 to 0.03 mm s-1, and saturated matric potential ranged from-14 to-604 mm. When default sand or loam parameters in the model were substituted with these measured values, the errors of soil temperature, soil liquid water content, active layer depth, and permafrost lower boundary depth were reduced (e.g., the root mean square errors of active layer depths simulated using measured parameters versus the default sand or loam parameters were about 0.28, 1.06, and 1.83 m). Among the measured parameters, porosity played a dominant role in reducing model errors and was typically much smaller than for soil textures used in land surface models. We also demonstrated that soil water dynamic processes should be considered, rather than using static properties under frozen and unfrozen soil states as in most permafrost models. We conclude that it is necessary to consider the distinct physical properties of coarse-fragment soils and water dynamics when simulating permafrost dynamics of the QTP. Thus it is important to develop methods for systematic measurement of physical properties of coarse-fragment soils and to develop a related spatial data set for porosity.
AB - Soils on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) have distinct physical properties from agricultural soils due to weak weathering and strong erosion. These properties might affect permafrost dynamics. However, few studies have investigated both quantitatively. In this study, we selected a permafrost site on the central region of the QTP and excavated soil samples down to 200 cm. We measured soil porosity, thermal conductivity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and matric potential in the laboratory. Finally, we ran a simulation model replacing default sand or loam parameters with different combinations of these measured parameters. Our results showed that the mass of coarse fragments in the soil samples (diameter > 2 mm) was ∼ 55 % on average, soil porosity was less than 0.3 m3 m-3, saturated hydraulic conductivity ranged from 0.004 to 0.03 mm s-1, and saturated matric potential ranged from-14 to-604 mm. When default sand or loam parameters in the model were substituted with these measured values, the errors of soil temperature, soil liquid water content, active layer depth, and permafrost lower boundary depth were reduced (e.g., the root mean square errors of active layer depths simulated using measured parameters versus the default sand or loam parameters were about 0.28, 1.06, and 1.83 m). Among the measured parameters, porosity played a dominant role in reducing model errors and was typically much smaller than for soil textures used in land surface models. We also demonstrated that soil water dynamic processes should be considered, rather than using static properties under frozen and unfrozen soil states as in most permafrost models. We conclude that it is necessary to consider the distinct physical properties of coarse-fragment soils and water dynamics when simulating permafrost dynamics of the QTP. Thus it is important to develop methods for systematic measurement of physical properties of coarse-fragment soils and to develop a related spatial data set for porosity.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85054192803&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.5194/tc-12-3067-2018
DO - 10.5194/tc-12-3067-2018
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85054192803
SN - 1994-0416
VL - 12
SP - 3067
EP - 3083
JO - Cryosphere
JF - Cryosphere
IS - 9
ER -