Temperature impact in Electromagnetic non-invasive water/oil/gas multiphase real time monitoring

Themeasurement of reflected S-parameter (S11) for multiphase 10-60%water, 70-20% oil and 20% gas (air) are monitored using electromagneticmicrowave resonation method at frequency range from 1-6 GHz. The measurementsare examined at variable temperature range from 5-60 oC, stepped by5 oC. Three types of shifts are observed at three S-parameter peaksas volume fraction increased from 10 to 60%. The first shift took place at 5.45GHz frequency peak in power vertically. The amount of shift was from -6.273 to-24.013 dB and from -5.073 to -19.431 dB at 5 and 60 oC,respectively, as WVF water fraction increased. Second shift took place at mainpeak in frequency horizontally. The amount of shift is from 4.01214 to 3.95693GHz and from 3.99757 to 3.95545 GHz at 5 and 60 oC, respectively, asWVF increased. Third shift took place around 5 GHz peak in frequencyhorizontally. The amount of shift was from 5.085 to 4.95 GHz and from 5.129 to4.95 GHz at 5 and 60 oC, respectively, as WVF increased. The resultswere validated by HFSS simulation executed for all water fractions 10-60% at 5and 60 oC. For verification a complete simulation was carried out at40-40-20 percent of water-oil-gas and compared with experimental results atevery 5 oC interval from 5-60 oC. Good agreement willpush to use the study as a real time monitoring for each phase percentage andtemperature levels.