Potential of fly ash geopolymer concrete as repairing and retrofitting solutions for marine infrastructure: A review

Corrosion in maritime infrastructure, particularly in reinforced concrete, has emerged as a significant cause for concern due to the presence of chloride ions in seawater. To address this challenge, geopolymer concrete has been proposed as a viable solution for retrofitting and restoring marine structures. This review paper explores the potential application of fly ash geopolymer concrete in marine infrastructure restoration. Fly ash's properties make it ideal for marine infrastructure restoration. Its high levels of amorphous silica and alumina enable geopolymerization, forming a strong binder resistant to chloride corrosion. Its fine, spherical particles enhance concrete workability and density, improving mechanical strength and impermeability. This geopolymer binder offers excellent resistance to corrosion from chloride ions commonly found in seawater, making fly ash geopolymer concrete highly suitable for marine applications. Overall, fly ash's chemical composition and physical traits offer resilience and sustainability in restoring marine infrastructure, ensuring long-term durability against corrosion. This review paper explores the potential application of fly ash geopolymer concrete in marine infrastructure restoration. By examining the primary forms of damage and mechanisms underlying concrete degradation in marine settings, this study highlights the durability and sustainability of geopolymer concrete compared to traditional concrete. Additionally, it discusses current solutions for repairing and retrofitting concrete in marine environments, emphasizing the promising characteristics of geopolymer concrete for integration into such structures. Through this analysis, innovative and environmentally conscious approaches are introduced for addressing corrosion-related challenges in the maritime industry, offering a resilient solution for the construction of enduring marine structures. Finally, recommendations for further research on the application of fly ash geopolymer concrete in marine infrastructure restoration are presented.