TY - GEN
T1 - Optimization of Lacrimal Aspect Ratio for Explainable Eye Blinking
AU - Ayoub, Misbah
AU - Abel, Andrew
AU - Zhang, Haiyang
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
PY - 2024
Y1 - 2024
N2 - Eye blinking has been studied extensively due to its wide range of potential applications. However, one under-researched field is the use of the wider lacrimal area for detection. This paper proposes a new eye blinking detection method using a novel lacrimal aspect ratio (LAR) strategy that utilises eyebrow movement and eyes. The proposed algorithm estimates facial landmarks using an automatic facial landmark detector to extract a single scalar quantity by using LAR and characterizing eye opening and closing, and to detect both partial and full blinking in each frame using a LAR threshold. We set three threshold values, –2.4 and –2.6, and –2.9, to detect blinks by each frame. Experimental results show that our approach successfully detects eye blinks and can outperform other state-of-the-art works. The utilization of LAR in detecting blinks and partial blinks demonstrates its potential to offer a novel and informative metric for researchers. This approach also opens up possibilities for further eye-related investigations, including the recognition of emotions. With its low dimensionality and easily understandable time domain features, LAR provides an effective pathway towards achieving these goals.
AB - Eye blinking has been studied extensively due to its wide range of potential applications. However, one under-researched field is the use of the wider lacrimal area for detection. This paper proposes a new eye blinking detection method using a novel lacrimal aspect ratio (LAR) strategy that utilises eyebrow movement and eyes. The proposed algorithm estimates facial landmarks using an automatic facial landmark detector to extract a single scalar quantity by using LAR and characterizing eye opening and closing, and to detect both partial and full blinking in each frame using a LAR threshold. We set three threshold values, –2.4 and –2.6, and –2.9, to detect blinks by each frame. Experimental results show that our approach successfully detects eye blinks and can outperform other state-of-the-art works. The utilization of LAR in detecting blinks and partial blinks demonstrates its potential to offer a novel and informative metric for researchers. This approach also opens up possibilities for further eye-related investigations, including the recognition of emotions. With its low dimensionality and easily understandable time domain features, LAR provides an effective pathway towards achieving these goals.
KW - Blinking
KW - Eye aspect ratio
KW - Eyeblink8
KW - Image processing
KW - Lacrimal aspect ratio
KW - TalkingFace
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85184824059&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/978-3-031-47715-7_13
DO - 10.1007/978-3-031-47715-7_13
M3 - Conference Proceeding
AN - SCOPUS:85184824059
SN - 9783031477140
T3 - Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems
SP - 175
EP - 192
BT - Intelligent Systems and Applications - Proceedings of the 2023 Intelligent Systems Conference IntelliSys Volume 3
A2 - Arai, Kohei
PB - Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
T2 - Intelligent Systems Conference, IntelliSys 2023
Y2 - 7 September 2023 through 8 September 2023
ER -