TY - JOUR
T1 - Immune evasion in cancer
T2 - Mechanistic basis and therapeutic strategies
AU - Vinay, Dass S.
AU - Ryan, Elizabeth P.
AU - Pawelec, Graham
AU - Talib, Wamidh H.
AU - Stagg, John
AU - Elkord, Eyad
AU - Lichtor, Terry
AU - Decker, William K.
AU - Whelan, Richard L.
AU - Kumara, H. M.C.Shantha
AU - Signori, Emanuela
AU - Honoki, Kanya
AU - Georgakilas, Alexandros G.
AU - Amin, Amr
AU - Helferich, William G.
AU - Boosani, Chandra S.
AU - Guha, Gunjan
AU - Ciriolo, Maria Rosa
AU - Chen, Sophie
AU - Mohammed, Sulma I.
AU - Azmi, Asfar S.
AU - Keith, W. Nicol
AU - Bilsland, Alan
AU - Bhakta, Dipita
AU - Halicka, Dorota
AU - Fujii, Hiromasa
AU - Aquilano, Katia
AU - Ashraf, S. Salman
AU - Nowsheen, Somaira
AU - Yang, Xujuan
AU - Choi, Beom K.
AU - Kwon, Byoung S.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 Elsevier Ltd.
PY - 2015/12/1
Y1 - 2015/12/1
N2 - Cancer immune evasion is a major stumbling block in designing effective anticancer therapeutic strategies. Although considerable progress has been made in understanding how cancers evade destructive immunity, measures to counteract tumor escape have not kept pace. There are a number of factors that contribute to tumor persistence despite having a normal host immune system. Immune editing is one of the key aspects why tumors evade surveillance causing the tumors to lie dormant in patients for years through "equilibrium" and "senescence" before re-emerging. In addition, tumors exploit several immunological processes such as targeting the regulatory T cell function or their secretions, antigen presentation, modifying the production of immune suppressive mediators, tolerance and immune deviation. Besides these, tumor heterogeneity and metastasis also play a critical role in tumor growth. A number of potential targets like promoting Th1, NK cell, γδ T cell responses, inhibiting Treg functionality, induction of IL-12, use of drugs including phytochemicals have been designed to counter tumor progression with much success. Some natural agents and phytochemicals merit further study. For example, use of certain key polysaccharide components from mushrooms and plants have shown to possess therapeutic impact on tumor-imposed genetic instability, anti-growth signaling, replicative immortality, dysregulated metabolism etc. In this review, we will discuss the advances made toward understanding the basis of cancer immune evasion and summarize the efficacy of various therapeutic measures and targets that have been developed or are being investigated to enhance tumor rejection.
AB - Cancer immune evasion is a major stumbling block in designing effective anticancer therapeutic strategies. Although considerable progress has been made in understanding how cancers evade destructive immunity, measures to counteract tumor escape have not kept pace. There are a number of factors that contribute to tumor persistence despite having a normal host immune system. Immune editing is one of the key aspects why tumors evade surveillance causing the tumors to lie dormant in patients for years through "equilibrium" and "senescence" before re-emerging. In addition, tumors exploit several immunological processes such as targeting the regulatory T cell function or their secretions, antigen presentation, modifying the production of immune suppressive mediators, tolerance and immune deviation. Besides these, tumor heterogeneity and metastasis also play a critical role in tumor growth. A number of potential targets like promoting Th1, NK cell, γδ T cell responses, inhibiting Treg functionality, induction of IL-12, use of drugs including phytochemicals have been designed to counter tumor progression with much success. Some natural agents and phytochemicals merit further study. For example, use of certain key polysaccharide components from mushrooms and plants have shown to possess therapeutic impact on tumor-imposed genetic instability, anti-growth signaling, replicative immortality, dysregulated metabolism etc. In this review, we will discuss the advances made toward understanding the basis of cancer immune evasion and summarize the efficacy of various therapeutic measures and targets that have been developed or are being investigated to enhance tumor rejection.
KW - Cancer
KW - Immune evasion
KW - T cells
KW - Therapy
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84926160709&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.03.004
DO - 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.03.004
M3 - Review article
C2 - 25818339
AN - SCOPUS:84926160709
SN - 1044-579X
VL - 35
SP - S185-S198
JO - Seminars in Cancer Biology
JF - Seminars in Cancer Biology
ER -