Fundamental Green Tradeoffs: Progresses, Challenges, and Impacts on 5G Networks

Shunqing Zhang, Qingqing Wu, Shugong Xu, Geoffrey Ye Li

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

279 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

With years of tremendous traffic and energy consumption growth, green radio has been valued not only for theoretical research interests but also for the operational expenditure reduction and the sustainable development of wireless communications. Fundamental green tradeoffs, served as an important framework for analysis, include four basic relationships: 1) spectrum efficiency versus energy efficiency; 2) deployment efficiency versus energy efficiency; 3) delay versus power; and 4) bandwidth versus power. In this paper, we first provide a comprehensive overview on the extensive on-going research efforts and categorize them based on the fundamental green tradeoffs. We will then focus on research progresses of 4G and 5G communications, such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and non-orthogonal aggregation, multiple input multiple output, and heterogeneous networks. We will also discuss potential challenges and impacts of fundamental green tradeoffs, to shed some light on the energy efficient research and design for future wireless networks.

Original languageEnglish
Article number7523234
Pages (from-to)33-56
Number of pages24
JournalIEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials
Volume19
Issue number1
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 Jan 2017
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • 5G networks
  • energy efficiency
  • fundamental tradeoffs
  • Green communication

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