Evolution of top management's understanding of product quality in Eastern Europe since the end of communism the case of Bulgaria

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyse the evolution of topmanagement's understanding of product quality in Bulgaria since the end of communism. The study examines three specific areas: top management's understanding of the term "quality"; top management's understanding of the relationship between quality and business performance; and top management's understanding of the impact of job position on quality. Design/methodology/approach: The paper relies on a quantitative research approach by using data from a survey of 186 companies in Bulgaria. Findings: The paper suggests that senior managers in Bulgaria continue to base their understanding of "quality" on a single approach (^∗a characteristic of the communist era), with the product-based and the user-based approaches currently being the two most common ones. At the same time, surprisingly enough, this study claims that senior management in Bulgaria is currently well aware of the importance of quality as a dimension of firm's competitiveness, and is also highly conscious of its roles' impact on product quality. Research limitations/implications: The results of this study are exclusively based on the case of Bulgaria and must be treated with caution in the case of other former communist states from the Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) region. Practical implications: This paper has relevance for both managers and companies doing business in Eastern Europe. Originality/value: This is the first paper to provide detailed analysis of the evolution of the understanding of "product quality" in CEE since the end of communism. Moreover, this paper applies, for the first time, Garvin's five approaches to defining quality within a practical context.