Discovering the Potential of Natural Antioxidants in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Review

Kah Hui Wong*, Hui Yin Nam, Sze Yuen Lew, Murali Naidu, Pamela David, Tengku Ain Kamalden, Siti Nurma Hanim Hadie, Lee Wei Lim*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

12 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial disease associated with anatom-ical changes in the inner retina. Despite tremendous advances in clinical care, there is currently no cure for AMD. This review aims to evaluate the published literature on the therapeutic roles of natural antioxidants in AMD. A literature search of PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed articles published between 1 January 2011 and 31 October 2021 was undertaken. A total of 82 preclinical and 18 clinical studies were eligible for inclusion in this review. We identified active compounds, carotenoids, extracts and polysaccharides, flavonoids, formulations, vitamins and whole foods with potential therapeutic roles in AMD. We evaluated the integral cellular signaling pathways including the activation of antioxidant pathways and angiogenesis pathways orchestrating their mode of action. In conclusion, we examined the therapeutic roles of natural antioxidants in AMD which warrant further study for application in clinical practice. Our current understanding is that natural antioxidants have the potential to improve or halt the progression of AMD, and tailoring therapeutics to the specific disease stages may be the key to preventing irreversible vision loss.

Original languageEnglish
Article number101
JournalPharmaceuticals
Volume15
Issue number1
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Jan 2022
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • Age-related macular degeneration
  • Angiogenesis
  • Antioxidants
  • Oxidative damage
  • Retina

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