Spatio-temporal patterns of COPD incidence are vital for health policy strategies. Employing the INLA algorithm, we developed Poisson regression models for COPD cases from May to December 2022 in Ningbo, China. Our analysis highlights July as a peak risk month, with Cixi district identified as the epicenter, trailed by its neighboring areas. Predominantly, regions with aging populations, higher smoker densities, and affluent socio-economic backgrounds, possibly leading to compromised air quality, register increased risks. These insights offer direction for future intervention strategies in regions like Cixi, especially during July.