Toward a better understanding of China's e-waste reverse logistics implementation barriers: A certified disassembler's perspective

E-waste, containing valuable materials and hazardous substances, poses a significant challenge to the environment and society. One approach to addressing this challenge is the implementation of a reverse logistics network to recover e-waste, which involves a disassembler connecting the upstream collector with the downstream recycler and disposer. In China, a certified disassembler in a subsidy scheme plays a crucial role in e-waste recycling effectiveness. However, a declining recycling rate and high idle capacity have led to a ‘certified disassembler dilemma’. This study uses stakeholder analysis processes to identify barriers to e-waste reverse logistics, and the grey-based decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory approach is utilized to explore their causal relationships. The results, supported by a sensitivity analysis, indicate that the certified disassemblers' internal capability deficiencies form the most significant causal barrier, with a net cause value of 2.74. In contrast, the increased number of illegal disassemblers is the primary determinant of all other barriers, with a prominence value of 19.5. Recommendations for improving certified disassemblers' internal capabilities are provided, including exploring the deep processing of waste materials, extending the residential collection network, and reassessing multiple e-waste recovery options.