Synthesis, characterization, and applications of doped barium hexaferrites: A review

Barium hexaferrite is a ceramic material with a hexagonal crystal structure that is widely used in various applications such as microwave devices and, magnetic recording media due to its excellent magnetic and electromagnetic traits. This material is composed of barium, oxygen, and iron and has the chemical formula, BaFe₁₂O₁₉. The barium hexaferrite (BHF) exhibits magnetic anisotropy, high magnetization, and high coercivity, making it a preferred material for use in magnetic devices. This review paper presents an overview of the synthesis methods, crystal structure, magnetic traits, and various applications of BHF. The various synthesis approaches discussed include hydrothermal, microemulsion approach, solid-state approach, co-precipitation, and a few other techniques. The effect of various elemental doping on the optical, magnetic, electromagnetic, as well as the structural characteristics of BHF are discussed in detail. Additionally, the different applications of BHF are discussed, including its use in microwave devices, magnetic recording media, water purification, biomedical, and permanent magnet. This review provides a comprehensive assessment of the current state of knowledge on BHF, and highlights its potential for use in a number of technological applications.