Relationships between openness to experience, cognitive flexibility, self-esteem, and creativity among bilingual college students in the U.S.

Currently, the positive role of creativity has received support and research in bilingual literature. However, the positive psychological processes that may contribute to creativity only received little attention, especially in bilingual population. This study focused on exploring the possible psychological processes among several variables: openness to experience, cognitive flexibility, self-esteem, and creativity, in bilingual population, and further tested the mediating roles that cognitive flexibility and self-esteem may play in the relationship between openness to experience and creativity. A sample of 284 bilingual college students in the U.S. participated in this study. Results showed that: (1) openness to experience, cognitive flexibility and self-esteem all had moderate to strong positive correlations with creativity; (2) cognitive flexibility and self-esteem partially mediated the relationship between openness to experience and creativity. The results suggested that openness to experience, self-esteem, and especially cognitive flexibility, potentially play positive roles in promoting creativity of bilingual students. Based on the current findings, some practical implications about enhancing bilingual’s creativity through positive personal factors were discussed.