Recent advances in characterization of electrocatalytic nanoparticles at single-particle level

This mini review explores the effect of nanoparticle (NP) size and morphology on electrocatalytic activity, with a focus on the advancements in single-entity electrochemistry (SEE) techniques such as scanning electrochemical microscopy, scanning electrochemical cell microscopy, and single nanoparticle collision methods. These techniques provide critical insights into NP behavior, enabling the precise characterization of catalytic activity at a single-NP scale. Moreover, recent developments in coupling SEE with other techniques are also briefly discussed with a focus on enhanced mass transport and electrical contact in single-NP electrocatalysis.