Prediction of dielectric properties of plain fabrics: theoretical modeling and simulation analysis

Precise characterization of the dielectric properties of textile materials is crucial for advancing applications in wearable electronics, antenna design, and electromagnetic shielding. This paper investigates the dielectric properties of plain weave fabrics through theoretical analysis and full-wave electromagnetic simulation. First, an equivalent circuit model is established based on the structural characteristics of the plain weave fabrics to analytically estimate the effective dielectric constant. Subsequently, full-wave simulations are performed in CST Studio Suite utilizing two distinct methods: the cavity perturbation technique and the waveguide transmission line method, yielding resonant frequency shifts and S-parameters from which the complex permittivity is extracted via established inversion techniques. The permittivity values derived from theoretical calculations and electromagnetic simulations exhibit close correspondence, with a relative error of less than 5%.