Optimization of Reinforced Concrete Cantilevers Inspired by the Geometry of 16th-Century Mexican Ribbed Vaults

The 16th-century Mexican colonial architecture was characterized by the use of ribbed star vaults, whose geometry enabled an efficient load distribution and remarkable resistance to structural stresses. Beyond their aesthetic value, these structures represented ingenious solutions for reducing internal stresses and optimizing material usage in construction. Currently, reinforced concrete cantilevers face significant structural challenges, such as excessive deformations and high material consumption. Unlike steel, reinforced concrete has inherent limitations in cantilever length due to its lower capacity to withstand bending and tensile stresses, restricting its application in large-scale architectural projects. This study aims to analyze the geometric and structural principles of 16th-century ribbed vaults in Mexico, with the objective of applying them to the optimization of modern cantilever structures. By examining their configuration, the research seeks to develop innovative solutions that reduce structural weight, enhance mechanical performance, and maximize material efficiency. As part of the investigation, a comparative analysis was conducted on the structural behavior of three types of arches: the semicircular arch and the pointed (ogival) arch, both present in the ribbed vaults of the case study, and the catenary arch, proposed as a potential geometric evolution to improve structural performance. The reinterpretation of these historical concepts may contribute to the design of more resilient and efficient structures in contemporary engineering and architecture.