Integrating Hybrid Supercapacitors With Batteries: Unravelling the Mechanism in Zn-I2/MnO2 Systems

Zanxiang Nie; Guodong  Fu; Kwun Nam Hui; Kwan San Hui; Pritesh Hiralal; Gehan A.J. Amaratunga; Yaotang Zhong; Shiwei Liu; Shiqiang Luo

Integrating Hybrid Supercapacitors With Batteries: Unravelling the Mechanism in Zn-I2/MnO2 Systems

Zanxiang Nie
, Guodong Fu
, Kwun Nam Hui
, Kwan San Hui
, Pritesh Hiralal
, Gehan A.J. Amaratunga
, Yaotang Zhong
, Shiwei Liu
, Shiqiang Luo

School of Internet of Things

Zinergy Shenzhen Ltd.
Macau University
Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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Abstract

Supercapatteries, integrating supercapacitors and batteries, offer a promising route to combine high power and energy density. This study decouples their charging behavior by constructing hybrid (Zn//AC) and symmetric (AC//AC) supercapacitors coupled with I2/MnO2 batteries. We identify a stepwise mechanism where supercapacitor charging precedes battery reactions. The Zn//AC configuration successfully integrates with the I2 battery, while the symmetric AC//AC system fails due to the shuttle effect. The zinc anode enables both efficient capacitive charging and stable battery operation. Furthermore, charge transfer between the supercapacitor and battery subsystems is observed, highlighting their dynamic interplay. These findings provide key insights for
designing integrated, high-performance energy storage systems with tunable capacitive and battery-like behavior.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	55
Number of pages	60
Journal	IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MATERIALS FOR ELECTRON DEVICES
Publication status	Published - 9 Feb 2026

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Cite this

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title = "Integrating Hybrid Supercapacitors With Batteries: Unravelling the Mechanism in Zn-I2/MnO2 Systems",

abstract = "Supercapatteries, integrating supercapacitors and batteries, offer a promising route to combine high power and energy density. This study decouples their charging behavior by constructing hybrid (Zn//AC) and symmetric (AC//AC) supercapacitors coupled with I2/MnO2 batteries. We identify a stepwise mechanism where supercapacitor charging precedes battery reactions. The Zn//AC configuration successfully integrates with the I2 battery, while the symmetric AC//AC system fails due to the shuttle effect. The zinc anode enables both efficient capacitive charging and stable battery operation. Furthermore, charge transfer between the supercapacitor and battery subsystems is observed, highlighting their dynamic interplay. These findings provide key insights for designing integrated, high-performance energy storage systems with tunable capacitive and battery-like behavior.",

author = "\{Zanxiang Nie\} and Guodong Fu and \{Kwun Nam Hui\} and \{Kwan San Hui\} and \{Pritesh Hiralal\} and \{Gehan A.J. Amaratunga\} and Yue Liu and \{Yaotang Zhong\} and \{Shiwei Liu\} and \{Shiqiang Luo\}",

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T1 - Integrating Hybrid Supercapacitors With Batteries: Unravelling the Mechanism in Zn-I2/MnO2 Systems

AU - Zanxiang Nie

AU - Fu, Guodong

AU - Kwun Nam Hui

AU - Kwan San Hui

AU - Pritesh Hiralal

AU - Gehan A.J. Amaratunga

AU - Liu, Yue

AU - Yaotang Zhong

AU - Shiwei Liu

AU - Shiqiang Luo

PY - 2026/2/9

Y1 - 2026/2/9

N2 - Supercapatteries, integrating supercapacitors and batteries, offer a promising route to combine high power and energy density. This study decouples their charging behavior by constructing hybrid (Zn//AC) and symmetric (AC//AC) supercapacitors coupled with I2/MnO2 batteries. We identify a stepwise mechanism where supercapacitor charging precedes battery reactions. The Zn//AC configuration successfully integrates with the I2 battery, while the symmetric AC//AC system fails due to the shuttle effect. The zinc anode enables both efficient capacitive charging and stable battery operation. Furthermore, charge transfer between the supercapacitor and battery subsystems is observed, highlighting their dynamic interplay. These findings provide key insights for designing integrated, high-performance energy storage systems with tunable capacitive and battery-like behavior.

AB - Supercapatteries, integrating supercapacitors and batteries, offer a promising route to combine high power and energy density. This study decouples their charging behavior by constructing hybrid (Zn//AC) and symmetric (AC//AC) supercapacitors coupled with I2/MnO2 batteries. We identify a stepwise mechanism where supercapacitor charging precedes battery reactions. The Zn//AC configuration successfully integrates with the I2 battery, while the symmetric AC//AC system fails due to the shuttle effect. The zinc anode enables both efficient capacitive charging and stable battery operation. Furthermore, charge transfer between the supercapacitor and battery subsystems is observed, highlighting their dynamic interplay. These findings provide key insights for designing integrated, high-performance energy storage systems with tunable capacitive and battery-like behavior.

M3 - Article

SP - 55

JO - IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MATERIALS FOR ELECTRON DEVICES

JF - IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MATERIALS FOR ELECTRON DEVICES

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