Highly enantioselective (-)-sparteine-mediated lateral metalation-functionalization of remote silyl protected ortho -ethyl N, N -dialkyl aryl O -carbamates

We report the enantioselective, lateral deprotonation of ortho-protected or functionalized tertiary N,N-dialkyl aryl O-carbamates 5-7 (Scheme 2) and meta-protected carbamates 14, 15, and 20 (Schemes 5 and 7) by s-BuLi/(-)-sparteine and subsequent quench with a variety of electrophiles to give products 11-13 and 16, 17, and 21 in yields up to 96% and enantiomeric ratios up to 99:1. The influence of organolithium reagents, ratio of organolithium/(-)-sparteine pair versus N,N-dialkyl aryl O-carbamate starting materials, temperature, solvents, electrophiles, substituents located ortho or meta to the O-carbamate moiety, and O-carbamate N-substituents was investigated. The identical absolute configuration of the stereogenic center of the major enantiomers of the products, as established by single-crystal X-ray analysis for substrates (S)-11c, (S)-19, and (S)-21a, provides evidence for a consistent stereochemical course in the enantioselective deprotonation. Mechanistic investigations, including an estimate of the configurational stability of the benzyllithium species 9 (starting from 12e; Scheme 8) and 23 (starting from 17e; Scheme 9), both derived by tin-lithium exchange, and 24 (starting from 20; Scheme 9) are reported. The experimental results, together with semiempirical molecular orbital calculations (PM3/SMD), are consistent with a process in which enantioinduction occurs in the deprotonation step (Scheme 11).