Hardware-Accelerated Digital Power Control for High-Frequency Hybrid Energy Storage Systems Using MCUs

In the rapidly evolving field of electric vehicles (EVs), efficient energy storage systems are crucial for widespread adoption. Hybrid energy storage systems (HESS), which combine lithium batteries with supercapacitors (SCs), offer a promising solution by improving power density and overall system efficiency. This paper presents a cost-effective approach to implementing high-frequency current controllers within an HESS using the general-purpose microcontroller STM32G474RB. By leveraging its built-in filter math accelerator (FMAC), a type II compensator is implemented, achieving 250 kHz current control and 500 kHz switching frequency. This enhances computational efficiency by 33% compared to using only the central processing unit (CPU) for calculations. This approach reduces system size and cost, providing a viable alternative to more expensive digital signal processor (DSP) and field-programmable gate array (FPGA) solutions. The proposed design is validated through hardware implementation, demonstrating its potential for enhancing HESS performance in EVs.