Discovery and analgesic evaluation of 8-chloro-1,4-dihydropyrido[2,3- b ]pyrazine-2,3-dione as a novel potent d -amino acid oxidase inhibitor

A series of 5-azaquinoxaline-2,3-dione derivatives were synthesized and evaluated on d-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) inhibition as potential α-hydroxylactam-based inhibitors. The potent inhibitory activities in vitro suggested that 5-nitrogen could significantly enhance the binding affinity by strengthening relevant hydrogen bond interactions. The analgesic effects of intrathecal and systemic injection of 8-chloro-1,4-dihydropyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine-2,3-dione, a representative molecule of 5-azaquinoxaline-2,3-dione, were investigated in rodents. This research not only confirmed the analgesic effect of the DAAO inhibitors but provided a new class of chemical entities with oral application potential for the treatment of chronic pain and morphine analgesic tolerance.