Bio-Inspired Hexacell Oval Patch Sensor for Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Sensing

This work proposes an innovative sensor based on bioinspired hexacell structure mimicking certain vascular networks for non-invasive blood glucose sensing and monitoring. The design has been verified using full wave EM 3D simulations and numerically to analyze sensitivity features. The sensor has been tested by varying dielectric constants from 2.2 to 11.9 in order to analyze the shifts in frequencies that can provide sensitivity. Variations have also been introduced over the same material with glucose overlays that can further support the validations for sensitivity factor. The optimizations resulted in the fact that for the proposed sensor design, Rogers RT-duroid 5880 is the most effective dielectric material for the current work. The patch micro-cavities strengthen near-field coupling and achieve a 50ω impedance match for this dielectric in the operating frequencies with and without glucose. Radiation efficiency stays above 82% from 9-11 GHz, and the radiation pattern shows 10.2 dBi gain, narrow beamwidth and low side-lobes. After glucose loading, the resonance shifts markedly, exhibiting the high sensitivity. Near-field hotspots are localised at patch edges and the feed gap, creating a steep gradient that can detect even minute glucose variations. The sensor offers high sensitivity, high efficiency and biosafety, providing a viable electromagnetic solution for non-invasive, real-time glucose monitoring.