Análise Grey-DEMATEL Multi-Stakeholder das Barreiras das Tecnologias Digitais na Logística Reversa de Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos

Global rapid economic growth has led to a substantial increase in municipal solid waste, placing increasing pressure on environmental systems and public resources. Reverse logistics offers an effective approach to improving waste management by integrating waste collection, treatment, and resource recovery. However, reverse logistics for municipal solid waste remains difficult to implement due to its complex, dynamic structure and the involvement of multiple stakeholders. Meanwhile, digital technologies have the potential to enhance the efficiency and sustainability of municipal solid waste reverse logistics, yet their adoption is constrained by institutional, economic, and technological barriers. This study develops an integrated analytical framework that combines a systematic literature review, the Grey-DEMATEL method, and stakeholder perspective analysis using Euclidean distance to identify and prioritize barriers to DTs' adoption in China's municipal solid waste reverse logistics. The results reveal that a lack of policy support is the most influential barrier, followed by high investment and enterprise profit-oriented behavior, which jointly hinder large-scale digital transformation. Significant differences in barrier perceptions are observed across government, enterprises, digital technologies suppliers, and residents, underscoring the need for coordinated stakeholder engagement. The findings provide a system-level understanding of the causal relationships among adoption barriers and offer practitioners insights to promote more effective and sustainable digital transformation in municipal solid waste reverse logistics systems.