A time space network optimization model for integrated fresh fruit harvest and distribution considering maturity

Maturity is closely related to logistics deterioration and fresh fruit quality. Considering the post-harvest maturity characteristics and high perishability of fresh fruits, this study aims to develop an integrated fresh fruit harvest and distribution model considering maturity to improve logistics efficiency and consumer satisfaction. First, the fresh fruit post-harvest maturity is quantized using a fuzzy classification method and kernel clustering rule. Then, the collaborative optimization conditions between maturity and logistics decisions are investigated to formulate an objective function containing maturity deviation. Finally, an integrated model that incorporates a time–space network is established to address the complex spatio-temporal characteristics of fresh fruit logistics. The numerical study compares the proposed integrated model with a traditional economic model, and the results show that the integrated model considering maturity could improve the service quality by 22.57% to 50.21%. The integrated approach achieves a satisfactory balance between logistics efficiency and consumer satisfaction. Therefore, it can serve as a scientific decision support tool for farmers in developing effective distribution scheduling plans, especially when faced with diverse market demands related to fresh fruit maturity.