A Review on Medical Image Segmentation: Datasets, Technical Models, Challenges and Solutions

Medical image segmentation is prerequisite in computer-aided diagnosis. As the field experiences tremendous paradigm changes since the introduction of foundation models, technicality of deep medical segmentation model is no longer a privilege limited to computer science researchers. A comprehensive educational resource suitable for researchers of broad, different backgrounds such as biomedical and medicine, is needed. This review strategically covers the evolving trends that happens to different fundamental components of medical image segmentation such as the emerging of multimodal medical image datasets, updates on deep learning libraries, classical-to-contemporary development in deep segmentation models and latest challenges with focus on enhancing the interpretability and generalizability of model. Last, the conclusion section highlights on future trends in deep medical segmentation that worth further attention and investigations.