A Data Trading Scheme for Confidential Matching and Fair Delivery

Ziyang Ji; Yuxin Xia; Jie Zhang; Ka-Lok Man; Steven Guan; Nguyen Van Huynh

A Data Trading Scheme for Confidential Matching and Fair Delivery

Ziyang Ji
, Yuxin Xia
, Jie Zhang^*
, Ka-Lok Man
, Steven Guan
, Nguyen Van Huynh

^*Corresponding author for this work

University of Liverpool

Research output: Chapter in Book or Report/Conference proceeding › Conference Proceeding › peer-review

Abstract

A secure and fair data trading mechanism is essential for the digital economy. However, existing solutions face two major challenges, including inadequately protecting two-side confidentiality for both the seller’s data and the buyer’s
criteria during matching, and failing to guarantee fair exchange during the delivery phase. This paper proposes a novel data trading scheme that simultaneously addresses both problems. In particular, the scheme integrates a key agreement protocol with a homomorphic encryption mechanism, enabling parties to use a shared public key to encrypt their respective data and criteria, as well as allowing for secure evaluation on the ciphertexts. Subsequently, the delivery phase ensures fairness by binding the payment process to the verifiable submission of a decryption key share. We instantiate this scheme using the Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman and Elliptic Curve ElGamal algorithms. Performance experiments then demonstrate its efficiency and cost-effectiveness, with a per-trade operational gas cost of 4,208,487 Gwei, excluding the one-time contract deployment.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	2025 International Conference on Digital Contents
Pages	86
Number of pages	92
Publication status	Published - 15 Dec 2025

Cite this

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title = "A Data Trading Scheme for Confidential Matching and Fair Delivery",

abstract = "A secure and fair data trading mechanism is essential for the digital economy. However, existing solutions face two major challenges, including inadequately protecting two-side confidentiality for both the seller{\textquoteright}s data and the buyer{\textquoteright}s criteria during matching, and failing to guarantee fair exchange during the delivery phase. This paper proposes a novel data trading scheme that simultaneously addresses both problems. In particular, the scheme integrates a key agreement protocol with a homomorphic encryption mechanism, enabling parties to use a shared public key to encrypt their respective data and criteria, as well as allowing for secure evaluation on the ciphertexts. Subsequently, the delivery phase ensures fairness by binding the payment process to the verifiable submission of a decryption key share. We instantiate this scheme using the Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman and Elliptic Curve ElGamal algorithms. Performance experiments then demonstrate its efficiency and cost-effectiveness, with a per-trade operational gas cost of 4,208,487 Gwei, excluding the one-time contract deployment.",

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AU - Ji, Ziyang

AU - Xia, Yuxin

AU - Zhang, Jie

AU - Man, Ka-Lok

AU - Guan, Steven

AU - Huynh, Nguyen Van

PY - 2025/12/15

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N2 - A secure and fair data trading mechanism is essential for the digital economy. However, existing solutions face two major challenges, including inadequately protecting two-side confidentiality for both the seller’s data and the buyer’s criteria during matching, and failing to guarantee fair exchange during the delivery phase. This paper proposes a novel data trading scheme that simultaneously addresses both problems. In particular, the scheme integrates a key agreement protocol with a homomorphic encryption mechanism, enabling parties to use a shared public key to encrypt their respective data and criteria, as well as allowing for secure evaluation on the ciphertexts. Subsequently, the delivery phase ensures fairness by binding the payment process to the verifiable submission of a decryption key share. We instantiate this scheme using the Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman and Elliptic Curve ElGamal algorithms. Performance experiments then demonstrate its efficiency and cost-effectiveness, with a per-trade operational gas cost of 4,208,487 Gwei, excluding the one-time contract deployment.

AB - A secure and fair data trading mechanism is essential for the digital economy. However, existing solutions face two major challenges, including inadequately protecting two-side confidentiality for both the seller’s data and the buyer’s criteria during matching, and failing to guarantee fair exchange during the delivery phase. This paper proposes a novel data trading scheme that simultaneously addresses both problems. In particular, the scheme integrates a key agreement protocol with a homomorphic encryption mechanism, enabling parties to use a shared public key to encrypt their respective data and criteria, as well as allowing for secure evaluation on the ciphertexts. Subsequently, the delivery phase ensures fairness by binding the payment process to the verifiable submission of a decryption key share. We instantiate this scheme using the Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman and Elliptic Curve ElGamal algorithms. Performance experiments then demonstrate its efficiency and cost-effectiveness, with a per-trade operational gas cost of 4,208,487 Gwei, excluding the one-time contract deployment.

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BT - 2025 International Conference on Digital Contents

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